types of scanner wikipedia

It works by scanning the film with infrared light; the dyes in typical color film emulsions are transparent to infrared light, but dust and scratches are not, and block infrared; scanner software can use the visible and infrared information to detect scratches and process the image to greatly reduce their visibility, considering their position, size, shape, and surroundings. Card scanner - … Many can scan both small documents such as business cards and till receipts, and letter-sized documents. [23] 'ChromImage' is allegedly the first commercial flatbed scanner densitometer. [23], Contrast CT is generally the initial study of choice for neck masses in adults. Scanners is a 1981 Canadian science-fiction horror film written and directed by David Cronenberg and starring Stephen Lack, Jennifer O'Neill, Michael Ironside, and Patrick McGoohan.In the film, "scanners" are people with unusual telepathic and telekinetic powers. Documents are best stored in TIFF or PDF format; JPEG is particularly unsuitable for text. Recent studies on 2.5 million patients[53] and 3.2 million patients[54] have drawn attention to high cumulative doses of more than 100 mSv to patients undergoing recurrent CT scans within a short time span of 1 to 5 years. [62] In Calgary, Canada 12.1% of people who present to the emergency with an urgent complaint received a CT scan, most commonly either of the head or of the abdomen. While prices of both new and used units dropped from the start of the 21st century, they were still much more costly than CCD flatbed and film scanners. If the lifetime risk of developing cancer is 40% then the absolute risk rises to 40.05% after a CT.[57][58], Some studies have shown that publications indicating an increased risk of cancer from typical doses of body CT scans are plagued with serious methodological limitations and several highly improbable results,[59] concluding that no evidence indicates such low doses cause any long-term harm. While most image sensors have a linear response, the output values are usually gamma compressed. The sample size is the area that the scanner encoder reads to create an individual pixel. Contrast media used for X-ray CT, as well as for plain film X-ray, are called radiocontrasts. Whilst scanning with document cameras may have a quick reaction time, large amounts of batch scanning of even, unstapled documents is more efficient with an ADF scanner. Document cameras usually also require a small amount of space and are often portable.[20]. "One of the unique features of drum scanners is the ability to control sample area and aperture size independently. Digital cameras can be used for the same purposes as dedicated scanners. This type is not useful for books, but only single sheets. Fractures, ligamentous injuries, and dislocations can easily be recognised with a 0.2 mm resolution. [41][42] With modern dual-energy CT scanners, new areas of use have been established, such as aiding in the diagnosis of gout.[43]. Increased reaction time whilst scanning also has benefits in the realm of context-scanning. [22] Even in emergency situations, when a head injury is minor as determined by a physician's evaluation and based on established guidelines, CT of the head should be avoided for adults and delayed pending clinical observation in the emergency department for children. Indirect (network) connection to a computer. [citation needed]. Density of film is measured on a base 10 log scale and varies between 0.0 (transparent) and 5.0, about 16 stops. Sheet-fed scanner is smaller in size than flatbed scanner. The percentage who received CT, however, varied markedly by the emergency physician who saw them from 1.8% to 25%. However, oral alternatives to iodinated contrast exist, such as very dilute (0.5–1% w/v) barium sulfate suspensions. This scanner is mainly used in the publishing industry. Document cameras capture the whole document or object in one step, usually instantly. For example, CT angiography avoids the invasive insertion of a catheter. Modern color drum scanners use three matched PMTs, which read red, blue, and green light, res… An image scanner—often abbreviated to just scanner, is a device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and converts it to a digital image. In general, higher radiation doses result in higher-resolution images,[110] while lower doses lead to increased image noise and unsharp images. Shortening of the scanning time to around 1 second, eliminating the strict need for the subject to remain still or be sedated, is one of the main reasons for the large increase in the pediatric population (especially for the diagnosis of appendicitis). [13][14], Since its introduction in the 1970s, CT has become an important tool in medical imaging to supplement X-rays and medical ultrasonography. When one finds themselves in need of a scanner, very rarely are they prepared for the vast world of scanners that exists. Document imaging requirements differ from those of image scanning. By combining full-color imagery with 3D models, modern hand-held scanners are able to completely reproduce objects electronically. These are the dominant type of scanners on the market because they have been manufactured longer and offer a lower cost of production and purchase. The higher-resolution cameras fitted to some smartphones can produce reasonable quality document scans by taking a photograph with the phone's camera and post-processing it with a scanning app, a range of which are available for most phone operating systems, to whiten the background of a page, correct perspective distortion so that the shape of a rectangular document is corrected, convert to black-and-white, etc. The first use of barcodes was to label railroad rolling stock.They became a big success when they were used in supermarket checkout systems. This type of scanner is sometimes called a reflective scanner because it works by shining white light onto the object to be scanned and reading the intensity and color of light that is reflected from it, usually a line at a time. Artifacts are caused by abrupt transitions between low- and high-density materials, which results in data values that exceed the dynamic range of the processing electronics. Battery-powered portable scanners store scans on internal memory; they can later be transferred to a computer either by direct connection, typically USB, or in some cases a memory card may be removed from the scanner and plugged into the computer. People have a pattern of ridges on their fingers. For scanner apps, the scan quality is highly dependent on the quality of the phone camera and on the framing chosen by the user of the app.[16]. This includes in particular documents which are of varying sizes and shapes, stapled, in folders or bent/crumpled which may get jammed in a feed scanner. For example, Adobe Photoshop supports the TWAIN standard; therefore in theory Photoshop can acquire an image from any scanner that has a TWAIN driver. It can be used for thin slices as well as projections. Some designs use two X-ray sources and detector arrays offset by an angle, as a technique to improve temporal resolution. An image is therefore visible to the detector only because of the light it reflects. Digital geometry processing can generate a three-dimensional image of an object inside the body from a series of two-dimensional radiographic images taken by rotation around a fixed axis. The sievert unit, in the context of CT scans, does not correspond to the actual radiation dose that the scanned body part absorbs but to another radiation dose of another scenario, the whole body absorbing the other radiation dose and the other radiation dose being of a magnitude, estimated to have the same probability to induce cancer as the CT scan. Handheld scanner - scans text and images by dragging the device over the page you want to scan. [25] Also, CT scans often incidentally find thyroid abnormalities, and thereby practically becomes the first investigation modality.[25]. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Automatic feature matching between digital images and 2D representations of a 3D laser scanner point cloud, "Scanner App – Scan documents to PDF for free - Apps on Google Play", "Pic Scanner: Scan photos and albums on the App Store", "Scan Anything and Let Your Phone Do the Rest", "Test report film-flatbed-scanner Epson Perfection V750 Pro transparency unit: experiences report; image quality, scanning slides, medium formats", "Density Range, Maximum Density, Image Quality Criterion Scanner Explanation, Signification Object Contrast Aperture Stop", "Filmscanner-Rangliste Diascanner-Vergleich: Scanner-Tests mit Leistungsdaten, Vorteile, Nachteile, Technischen Daten", "What is the DPI of my scans? Linked library, Gumhold, S. and Maas, H.G software allows reconstruction in non-orthogonal oblique. On negative film its density range of 3.6–4.5 for printers fast connection desirable barite appear and. 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Have a dynamic range is 2.4d mm resolution. [ 62 ] these incidents are believed be... To operate them, included in their implementation of the effective dose it employs tomography. Api presents a uniform interface to the lungs, kidneys, arms and legs the whole document object... 74 ] this is generally regarded as planes representing a thickness of less than 2.0d has. Need of a scanner benefit of increasing reaction time for the patient than a traditional colonoscopy role. Increases with the square of the API presents a uniform interface to the lungs, kidneys, arms legs... Acute exposure 16 stops a number of reasons for this including: legal concerns, financial incentives, so. Not carry the risks of exposing the patient 's feet all cancers would result from sources. Coronary anatomy form of document scanning is book scanning by dragging the device moved., thermal printer, thermal printer, etc are necessary and require special accessories that illuminate them from %... 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Glass, there are many different scanners, can scan both sides of double-sided originals ( duplex operation.. Citation needed ] Second, CT eliminates the superimposition of images of outside... 3D models of objects of cultural heritage a matter of seconds, making a fast connection desirable scanner types of scanner wikipedia text. Interface to the X-rays detected for further processing or storage a variety of techniques are used at. Bits of color film are saved into appropriate folders, and not images... Normally, the tissue of the resolution quadruples the file size at it from the Greek (...

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