Adams won his home state of Massachusetts and swept the rest of New England, as well as most of the mid-Atlantic states. Craig R. Coenen. The Federalists wanted Adams to remain vice president, while the Democratic-Republicans favored George Clinton. Need help with homework? The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. The remainder of the votes were divided among 10 other candidates. He formed the Democratic-Republican Party along with Anti-Federalist Thomas Jefferson in 1792. All Rights Reserved. Three states, however, did not contribute to the vote total. With 77 electoral votes, John Adams was re-elected, positioning him well enough to become Washington's presidential heir apparent. One exhilarated eyewitness recalled that " my sensibility was wound to such a pitch that I could do no more than wave my hat with the rest, without the power of joining in the requested acclamations which rent the air!" Adams won 34 electoral votes and the vice presidency. George Washingtons cabinet included just four original members: Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of War Henry Knox, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph. (b) One electoral district failed to choose an elector. One month after President Washingtonleft Mount Vernon, Martha Washington set out on her own triumphant trip to the seat of the new government in New York. Watch our interview with Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy. (Two electors from Maryland and two from Virginia neglected to vote; the New York State Legislature was deadlocked and no electors were appointed from that state.) On April 14, Washington received official confirmation from Congress that he had been elected the first President of the United States. Though no organized political parties yet existed, political opinion loosely divided between those who had more stridently and enthusiastically endorsed ratification of the Constitution, called Federalists or Cosmopolitans, and Anti-Federalists or Localists who had only more reluctantly, skeptically, or conditionally supported, or who had outright opposed ratification. The most significant features of this book are Washingtons personal notes, penciled in the margins. George Washington had wished to retire at the end of his first term in office. The successful execution of a second democratic election in the United States helped legitimize the institution of the American presidency. The Presidency of George Washington. With 69 electoral votes, Washington won the support of each participating elector. One of the ragged legions of gold and silver prospectors who combed the Rocky Mountains searching for fortune in the 1860s,AlferdPacker also supplemented his meager income read more, On January 7, 1891, Zora Neale Hurston, novelist and folklorist, is born inNotasulga, Alabama. Omissions? Mount Vernon is owned and maintained by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, a private, non-profit organization. February 2011. In order to win the presidency, a candidate needs a majority of 270 electoral votes out of a possible 538. Although Washington had been considering retiring, both sides encouraged him to remain in office to bridge factional differences. A series of electors from each state would cast their votes for the chosen candidates one first-choice pick and one second-choice. However, some advisers and fellow statesmen argued that the volatile political . Voting was hampered by poor communications and infrastructure and the labor demands imposed by farming. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington. The inaugural ceremony was performed on Wall Street, near the spot now marked by John Quincy Adams Wards statue of Washington. However, Washington also feared that the country would irreparably pull and split apart, and was implored by his close associates to serve an additional four years. The American People as Christian White Men of Property:Suffrage and Elections in Colonial and Early National America. Washington believed that the precedents he set must make the presidency powerful enough to function effectively in the national government, but at the same time these practices could not show any tendency toward monarchy or dictatorship. Her father found a note on the floor asking for a $20,000 ransom. The Twelfth Amendment would eventually replace this system, requiring electors to cast one vote for president and one vote for vice president, but this change did not take effect until 1804. However, neither of those cities was Washington, D.C., as the seat of government did not move there until 1800. Who did George Washington run against? With 69 electoral votes, Washington won the support of each participating elector. (c) Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements. This is also how John Adams ended up as our first vice president. He loved his life living on a large plantation on the Potomac River in Virginia. Donald Trump. Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. As a result, his signature on the new Constitution was a deciding endorsement for some of those who had opposed federalization. Join the thousands of fellow patriots who rely on our 5-minute newsletter to stay informed on the key events and trends that shaped our nation's past and continue to shape its present. Spend the day with us! Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Southeastern Oklahoma was a prime location for mining at read more, Six-year-old Suzanne Degnan is kidnapped from her home in an affluent Chicago neighborhood. For the results of the previous election, see United States presidential election of 1789. [7], Source (Popular Vote): A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825[8]. In truth, the country held a broad consensus. 3200 Mount Vernon Memorial HighwayMount Vernon, Virginia 22121. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. Other candidates receiving multiple electoral votes were John Jay (9), Robert Harrison (6), John Rutledge (6), John Hancock (4), and George Clinton (3). Almost seven years later, there is still no evidence. Washington ascended to the presidency with practical experience, having served as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and president of the 1787 Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Corrections? In most states only white men, and in many only those who owned property, could vote. Several respected sources, including the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress and the Political Graveyard, instead show this individual to be James Armstrong of Pennsylvania. He came across the Hudson River in a specially built barge decorated in red, white, and blue. Thomas Jefferson resigned his post as Secretary of State in 1792, while James Madison organized an anti-administration front in the Congress. N.p. Clinton was from an electorally important swing state, and he convinced party leaders that he would be a stronger candidate than another New Yorker, Senator Aaron Burr. The executive function of government remained with the legislative similar to countries that use a parliamentary system. Washington was clad in a brown suit of American manufacture, but he wore white stockings and a sword after the fashion of European courts. John Hancock did even worse. John Jay was similar to John Adams regarding his influence in politics and foreign affairs. Vol. In 1792, Washington received all 132 electoral votes, winning each of the fifteen states. Even before the Constitution was ratified, rumors spread declaring George Washington would likely elected first President of the United States (much to the dismay of Washington himself). Congress did not officially count the Electoral College until February 13, 1793. United States Presidential Elections, 1788-1860: The Official Results by County and State. Updates? Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. Between December 15, 1788 and January 10, 1789, the presidential electors were chosen in each of the states. The next highest total was that of Founding Father John Jay, who got nine of the second choice votes compared with six for both R.H. Harrison and John Routledge. 1. Although John Ramage (circa 1748-1802) is well-known among art historians and collectors of portrait miniatures, his name is not immediately associated with Washington portraiture. According to the law, appointed electors were to meet in each state on the first Wednesday in December, and on Dec. 5, 1792, electors from each of the 15 states (the 13 former colonies plus the new states of Vermont and Kentucky) duly assembled to cast their ballots. But the divide apparent in the 1792 vice presidential race was a preview of the coming 1796 election. Crossword clues for Who ran against George Washington for president The attack, a response to the magazine's criticism of Islam and depiction of Muhammad, demonstrated the danger of homegrown terror in Europe as well as the read more, On January 7, 1979, Vietnamese troops seize the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh, toppling the brutal regime of Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge. (b) Two electors from Maryland and one elector from Vermont did not cast votes. This time, the field was narrow. Paullin, Charles O. Retrieved July 30, 2005. Of the remaining candidates, only Adams, Jay, and Hancock received votes from more than one state; with 34 votes, Adams finished second behind only Washington, and by virtue of which fact was elected vice president. Commenting on his re-election, Washington proclaimed, "I am again called upon by the voice of my country to execute the functions of its chief magistrate. Federalist. Limited, primitive political campaigning occurred in states and localities where swaying public opinion might matter. "The First Elections Under The Constitution." Though filled with great anxiety, Washington reported for duty "in obedience to the public summons" and explained that "the voice of my Country called me. The Constitution stipulated that the position would be awarded to the runner-up in the Presidential election. Have Any U.S. Presidents Decided Not to Run For a Second Term? It was just three years earlier on January 31, 1950, that Truman publicly announced that had directed the Atomic Energy read more. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The first presidential election was held on the first Wednesday of January in 1789. James Madison later called the rambling first draft a "strange production". Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. For example, Alexander Hamilton spoke for national opinion when in a letter to Washington attempting to persuade him to leave retirement on his farm in Mount Vernon to serve as the first President, he wrote that "the point of light in which you stand at home and abroad will make an infinite difference in the respectability in which the government will begin its operations in the alternative of your being or not being the head of state.". Then on March 4, 1793 in Philadelphia, Washington, as required by Article II of the Constitution, took the presidential oath of office for the second time. Athens, O.: United States Capitol Historical Society by Ohio U, 1999. Washington appeared on all 69 ballots, while nearly half the voters cast their second vote for John Adams, who was duly elected vice president. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington, The Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington. The sitting took place on October 3, 1789, probably in the president's official residence on Cherry Street in New York. From the mansion to lush gardens and grounds, intriguing museum galleries, immersive programs, and the distillery and gristmill. This election was the first in which each of the original 13 states appointed electors, as did the newly added states of Kentucky and Vermont. This article was most recently revised and updated by, United States presidential election of 1789. Of the 72 electors, all but three cast their ballots (electors voted for two candidates). Washington brought the book home to Mount Vernon after retiring from the presidency in March 1797. ", D. Jason BerggrenGeorgia Southwestern State University. The enormously popular Washington was distinguished as the former Commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. Yet, Ramage painted George Washington from the life and was the first artist to whom he sat as President of the United States. Editor's . After the war, he becamefirmly established in New Yorks small artistic community. All Rights Reserved. [2] In five states, the state legislature chose electors. The United States presidential election of 1789 was the first presidential election in the United States of America. 1st quadrennial U.S. presidential election, 17881789 United States presidential election, New York had ratified the Constitution but its, See "Alternative methods for choosing electors" under, "17881789 United States presidential election", Learn how and when to remove this template message, National Archives and Records Administration, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "The Electoral College Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", 178889 United States House of Representatives elections, "National General Election VEP Turnout Rates, 1789-Present", "A Saturday Session in the First Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "The Electoral Count for the Presidential Election of 1789", United States presidential election, 1789, Presidential Election of 1789: A Resource Guide, A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 17871825, "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College", Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association, 178889 United States presidential election, Longfellow HouseWashington's Headquarters National Historic Site, George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door, General George Washington Resigning His Commission, Washington and Jefferson National Forests, WashingtonRochambeau Revolutionary Route, Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779, United States presidential election 17881789, Massachusetts Historical Society holdings, A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace, Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams, elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=17881789_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=1141583738, Articles needing additional references from April 2017, All articles needing additional references, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, each elector chosen by voters statewide; however, if no candidate wins majority, state legislature appoints electors from top ten candidates, state divided into electoral districts, with one elector chosen per district by the voters of that district, state had not yet ratified the Constitution, two electors appointed by state legislature, each remaining elector chosen by state legislature from the two most popular candidates in each U.S. House district. 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