This handout is a great resource for helping students analyze this key political cartoon from the Populist Movement and the Election of 1896 featuring William Jennings Bryan and the "Cross of Gold" speech. The BlandAllison Act was vetoed by President Rutherford B. Hayes, but was enacted by Congress over his veto on February 28, 1878. In 1921 (25 years after the original speech), he recorded portions of the speech for Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana. You shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold. The speech so electrified the convention that the delegates nominated Bryan as their candidate for president, though he was only 36 years old and his experience as an officeholder was limited to two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. I had never had such an opportunity before in my life and never expect to have again. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. Gold Democrats looked to the President for leadership, but Cleveland, trusting few in his party, did not involve himself further in the gold efforts, but spent the week of the convention fishing off the New Jersey coast. Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. W.J. More than a century after Bryan delivered that speech, his words still have power, and some of his metaphors still appear in political speeches and platforms. If they ask us here why it is we say more on the money question than we say upon the tariff question, I reply that if protection has slain its thousands the gold standard has slain its tens of thousands. We defy them! As a Democratic member of the Ways and Means Committee through two Congresses, Mr. Bryan was by all odds the ablest and strongest orator on the Democratic side of the House. [32], The 1896 Democratic convention opened at the Chicago Coliseum on July 7, 1896. Cross of Gold speech, classic of American political oratory delivered on July 8, 1896, by William Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election of 1896. Pro-silver forces, with congressional leaders such as Missouri Representative Richard P. Bland, sought the passage of bills to allow depositors of silver bullion to receive it back in the form of coin. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform which declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it can be changed into bimetallism by international agreement. The man who is employed for wages is as much a businessman as his employer. [87], According to the New York World, "Lunacy having dictated the platform, it was perhaps natural that hysteria should evolve the candidate. [99], Bryan's speech is considered one of the most powerful political addresses in American history. Bryan, an advocate for free silver made a speech at the Democratic National Convention which became known as the "Cross of Gold" in his speech he spoke against the gold standard and for silver to be back as a monetary standard. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. These statements may involve a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity and performance to be materially different from the expectations and projections of Globex. [1], Having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them: "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold. Behind the scenes and the irony: -fueling of the trucks uncaring of the president iv. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. Mr. Jefferson, who was once regarded as good Democratic authority, seems to have a different opinion from the gentleman who has addressed us on the part of the minority. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as shown by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party.[77]. Source: Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention Held in Chicago, Illinois, July 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1896, (Logansport, Indiana, 1896), 226234. [12] Although the economic Panic of 1893 had a number of causes, President Grover Cleveland believed the inflation caused by Sherman's act to be a major factor, and called a special session of Congress to repeal it. [2] On April 2, 1792, Congress passed the Mint Act of 1792. They could only beg them to spare the party the humiliation of broken traditions and the overthrowing of established control. [72] When Bryan resumed, his comparison of miner with miser again electrified the audience; the uproar prevented him from continuing for several minutes. Shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to 70 million, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? Which? I shall not slander the fair state of Massachusetts nor the state of New York by saying that when citizens are confronted with the proposition, Is this nation able to attend to its own business?I will not slander either one by saying that the people of those states will declare our helpless impotency as a nation to attend to our own business. Some of the impoverished died of disease or starvation; others killed themselves.[15]. William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech - US 101 - YouTube In 1896, former Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan became the Democratic nominee for President by delivering. is not the change evident to anyone who will look at the matter? This takeover was considered far more important than was the choice of presidential candidate, and the committee decided to take no position on who should win the race for the nomination, reasoning that the victor, no matter who he was, would be a silver man. It's a very famous speech and it was powerfully delivered, and was so . We reply to them that changing conditions make new issues; that the principles upon which rest Democracy are as everlasting as the hills; but that they must be applied to new conditions as they arise. Conditions have arisen and we are attempting to meet those conditions. As Bryan was not deemed a major contender for the nomination, even delegates committed to a candidate could cheer him without seeming to betray their allegiance. On the 4th of March, 1895, a few Democrats, most of them members of Congress, issued an address to the Democrats of the nation asserting that the money question was the paramount issue of the hour; asserting also the right of a majority of the Democratic Party to control the position of the party on this paramount issue; concluding with the request that all believers in free coinage of silver in the Democratic Party should organize and take charge of and control the policy of the Democratic Party. Sources. Three months later, at Memphis, an organization was perfected, and the silver Democrats went forth openly and boldly and courageously proclaiming their belief and declaring that if successful they would crystallize in a platform the declaration which they had made; and then began the conflict with a zeal approaching the zeal which inspired the crusaders who followed Peter the Hermit. [59] According to political scientist Richard F. Bensel in his study of the 1896 Democratic convention, "Although the silver men knew they would win this fight, they nonetheless needed someone to tell themand the gold menwhy they must enshrine silver at the heart of the platform. Bryan, who remained at his hotel, sent word to the Nebraska delegation to make no deals on his behalf. What we oppose in that plank is the life tenure that is being built up in Washington which establishes an office-holding class and excludes from participation in the benefits the humbler members of our society. Thus has the contest been waged, and we have assembled here under as binding and solemn instructions as were ever fastened upon the representatives of a people. He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. If they say bimetallism is good but we cannot have it till some nation helps us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we shall restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States have. His opponent, William Jennings Bryan (who Littlefield suggested was represented by the cowardly lion in The Wizard of Oz) was famous for his "Cross of Gold" speech. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. As yet, no one at the convention had effectively spoken for that cause, which was paramount to the delegates. But if he means to say that we cannot change our monetary system without protecting those who have loaned money before the change was made, I want to ask him where, in law or in morals, he can find authority for not protecting the debtors when the act of 1873 was passed when he now insists that we must protect the creditor. [57] Bryan then defended the right of silver supporters to make their argument against opposition from gold men, who were associated with financial interests, especially in the East. My friends, we have made no criticism. The response, wrote one reporter, came like one great burst of artillery. Men and women screamed and waved their hats and canes. [49][50], Delegates, as they waited for the committees to complete their work, spent much of the first two days listening to various orators. Bryan traveled 18,000 miles by train to give over 600 speeches (36 in one day) to about five million people. A. He mocked McKinley, said by some to resemble Napoleon, noting that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. He was nominated two more times as the Democratic presidential nominee, but he lost again to McKinley in 1900 and to Republican candidate William H. Taft (1857-1930) in 1908. One farmer in the gallery had been about to leave rather than listen to Bryan, whom he deemed a Populist; he had been persuaded to stay. There are two ideas of government. Although his statements nominally responded to a point made by Russell, Bryan had thought of the argument the previous evening, and had not used it in earlier speeches. "[92] A farmer in Iowa, in a letter to Bryan, stated, "You are the first big man that i [sic] ever wrote to. With far less money than McKinley, Bryan embarked on a nationwide campaign tour by train on a then-unprecedented scale. Cross of Gold title of speech William Jennings Bryan gave Cross of Gold speech at Democratic National Covention Nebraska congressman seeking presidential nomination Democratic National Convention To whom did Bryan gives his Cross of Gold Speech in Chicago? [5] It was not until 1834 that Congress acted, changing the gold/silver ratio to 16.002:1. Even so, in 1900, Congress passed the Gold Standard Act, formally placing the United States on that standard. Why, as individuals we might have been glad to compliment the gentleman from New York [Senator Hill], but we knew that the people for whom we speak would never be willing to put him in a position where he could thwart the will of the Democratic Party. It marked the first american victory over a European power. "[92], When McKinley heard that Bryan was likely to be the nominee, he called the report "rot" and hung up the phone. Omissions? Cross of Gold Speech - Analysis | Milestone Documents - Milestone Documents William Jennings Bryan: "Cross of Gold" Speech Log in to see the full document and commentary. It offers discussion questions, classroom activities, and primary source analysis tools. [4] When silver prices rose relative to gold as a reaction to the California Gold Rush, silver coinage was worth more than face value, and rapidly flowed overseas for melting. We do not come as individuals. 2023 The Granger Collection LTD d/b/a GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Vilas gave a lengthy defense of the Cleveland administration's policies, so long that Russell, fearing that Vilas' speech would cut into his time, asked that the time given to the gold proponents be extended by ten minutes. The session was supposed to begin at 10:00a.m., but as delegates, slowed by the long commute from the hotels to the Coliseum and fatigue from the first two days, did not arrive on time, proceedings did not begin until 10:45. Other copies or versions of these images might be available elsewhere. Pamphlet. They tell us that the income tax ought not to be brought in here; that is not a new idea. [35] Well aware of the overwhelming forces against them, many gold delegates were inclined to concede the platform battle. Critics contended that the inflation which would follow the introduction of such a policy would harm workers, whose wages would not rise as fast as prices would, and the operation of Gresham's law would drive gold from circulation, effectively placing the United States on a silver standard. The sympathies of the Democratic Party, as described by the platform, are on the side of the struggling masses, who have ever been the foundation of the Democratic Party. The Washington Post newspaper recorded, "bedlam broke loose, delirium reigned supreme. Bryan had a distinguished and active political career, supporting workers' rights and women's suffrage while opposing monopolies and teaching evolution in schools. Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: ydelecnormandie.com, +33974562807 Installation et rnovation de rseau lectrique Pont-Audemerr, Lisieux, Le Havre-lectricit btiment,Installation lectrique | SARL YD ELEC NORMANDIE The gold men, though they possessed the machinery of the party, had neither the power nor the strength to challenge their opponents. The cartoon depicts two contradictory sides of Carnegie: the business titan and the philanthropist. my friends, we say not one word against those who live upon the Atlantic Coast; but those hardy pioneers who braved all the dangers of the wilderness, who have made the desert to blossom as the rosethose pioneers away out there, rearing their children near to natures heart, where they can mingle their voices with the voices of the birdsout there where they have erected schoolhouses for the education of their children and churches where they praise their Creator, and the cemeteries where sleep the ashes of their deadare as deserving of the consideration of this party as any people in this country. The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain. We have begged, and they have mocked when our calamity came. The humblest citizen in all the land, when clad in the armor of a righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error. "[89] The New York Times disparaged Bryan as "the gifted blatherskite from Nebraska". The 1880s saw a steep decline in the prices of grain and other agricultural commodities. In passing the Coinage Act, Congress eliminated bimetallism. I stand with Jefferson rather than with them, and tell them, as he did, that the issue of money is a function of the government and that the banks should go out of the governing business. [7] This would inflate the money supply, and, adherents argued, increase the nation's prosperity. 19. His dramatic speaking style and rhetoric roused the crowd to a frenzy. Never before in the history of American politics has a great issue been fought out as this issue has been by the voters themselves. Why, if they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of a gold standard and substitute bimetallism. We have petitioned, and our petitions have been scorned. Other delegations, seeing that Bryan would be nominated, also switched, securing the victory. [6], 8, [4] pages, wraps. [93] The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform that declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it should be changed into bimetallism by an international agreement. From the money plank of the Democratic platform[48], Good luck favored Bryanhe was considered for various convention roles by the silverites, but each time was not selected. [6] Silver was now undervalued at the Mint; accordingly little was presented for striking into money. It showed American support for european economic interests in East Africa. Although the recording does not capture the power and drama of the original address, it does allow us to hear Bryan delivering this famous speech.]. I shall object to bringing this question down to a level of persons. The silver men were thus in the hunt for a charismatic leader who would underpin what they already desperately wanted to believe. Document Analysis: "Cross of Gold" In 1896, three years after the "Panic of 1893", a man by the name of William Jennings Bryan delivered one of the most historical speeches to this day. [21] He traveled widely, speaking to audiences across the nation. Why this change? If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. The Democratic Party wanted to create more upward mobility for people. [33] Silver forces were supported by the Democratic National Bimetallic Committee, the umbrella group formed in 1895 to support silver Democrats in their insurgency against Cleveland. The Cross of Gold speech was delivered by William Jennings Bryan, a former United States Representative from Nebraska, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on July 9, 1896. [46] However, Barnes deemed the actions by the committee immaterial to the outcome due to the silver strength in the convention: Anyone who doubts the power the silverites were ready to unleash in a disciplined and irresistible attack needs only to read the results of the election of temporary chairman. Those who are opposed to this proposition tell us that the issue of paper money is a function of the bank and that the government ought to go out of the banking business. After speeches on the subject by several U.S. They called for the return to pre-1873 laws, which would require the Mint to take all the silver offered it and return it, struck into silver dollars. If you will read what Thomas Benton said, you will find that he said that in searching history he could find but one parallel to Andrew Jackson. People who were free-silver thought that currency reform would end them. In his "Cross of Gold" speech, Bryan argued that the debate over monetary policy was part of a broader struggle for democracy, political independence and the welfare of the "common man." Bryan's speech was met with rapturous applause and a celebration on the floor of the convention that lasted for over half an hour. Cross of Gold speech, classic of American political oratory delivered on July 8, 1896, by William Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election of 1896. It demonstrated the need for better communications in wartime. I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were but a measuring of ability; but this is not a contest among persons. Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. The President's move was opposed by the Democratic Governor of Illinois, John Altgeld. As he traveled by rail to Lincoln, he saw farmers and others standing by the tracks, hoping for a glimpse of the new Democratic nominee. He faced in the direction of the gold-dominated state delegations: There are two ideas of government. William Jennings Bryan, gifted orator and three-time presidential candidate was born on March 19, 1860, in Salem, Illinois. Born Mark Elliot Zuckerberg May 14, 1984 (age 38) White Plains, New York, U.S. Education: Harvard University (dropped out) Occupations: Internet entrepreneur, philanthropist. The cartoon charges Mister Bryan with disrespect for religion Bryan ended his. The task of relieving the jobless fell to churches and other charities, as well as to labor unions. 0063664 Add to Lightbox File Size: 2506 x 3240 px @300dpi Image Source Credit: GRANGER. When the Republicans in June 1896 nominated former Ohio Governor William McKinley for president and passed at his request a platform strongly supporting "sound money" (the gold standard unless modified by international agreement), a number of "Silver Republicans" walked out of the convention. The late 19th century saw divergent views in economics as the laissez-faire orthodoxy was questioned by younger economists, and both sides found ample support for their views from theorists. [4] In 1830, Treasury Secretary Samuel D. Ingham proposed adjusting the ratio between gold and silver in US currency to 15.8:1, which had for some time been the ratio in Europe. We have entreated, and our entreaties have been disregarded. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. Many in the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not the nation. Second, like many people, Bryan thought the gold standard disadvantaged the working classes and farmers by keeping the price of debt high. I deny it. His speech, delivered at the close of the debate on the party platform, electrified the convention and is generally credited with earning him the nomination for president. Mr. Carlisle said in 1878 that this was a struggle between the idle holders of idle capital and the struggling masses who produce the wealth and pay the taxes of the country; and my friends, it is simply a question that we shall decide upon which side shall the Democratic Party fight. Unfortunately, no recordings exist of his original speech. With the powerful words he used, Bryan showed his support to the Populists. Nevertheless, he won the nomination without the votes of the gold delegates, most of whom either left the convention or refused to vote. But note the change. Albert Shaw, editor of The Review of Reviews, stated that after Bryan's nomination, many easterners professed not to have heard of him but: "If, indeed, they had not heard of Mr. Bryan before, they had failed to follow closely the course of American politics in the past eight years. [54] He was followed by two other gold men, Senator William Vilas of Wisconsin and former Massachusetts Governor William E. Russell. Content can enter the public domain when copyright has expired, has been forfeited or is not applicable. [83], The balloting began the following morning, July 10, with a two-thirds vote necessary to nominate. "[22][23], A myth has arisen that Bryan was an unknown prior to 1896. Senators, Bryan rose to speak. Circulars were being distributed in Illinois, and admirers in Nebraska, North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and other states were urging his selection among their friends. The third ballot saw Bland still in the lead, but Bryan took the lead on the fourth ballot. Silver advocates argued that this dropoff, which caused the price of grain to fall below its cost of production, was caused by the failure of the government to adequately increase the money supply, which had remained steady on a per capita basis. The warmest ties of love and acquaintance and association have been disregarded. Known as an orator even then, Bryan had not always favored free silver out of conviction, stating in 1892 that he was for it because the people of Nebraska were for it. (The cartoon appeared in the post-dated July 7 issue of Harper's Weekly, published in late June.) [101] According to rhetorical historian William Harpine in his study of the rhetoric of the 1896 campaign, "Bryan's speech cast a net for the true believers, but only for the true believers. [41], One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. . If they tell us that the gold standard is the standard of civilization, we reply to them that this, the most enlightened of all nations of the earth, has never declared for a gold standard, and both the parties this year are declaring against it. Instructors: CLICK HERE to request a free trial account (only available to college instructors) Primary Source Readers McKinley on the other hand, opted for a front porch campaign. One after another, state conventions to elect delegates to the national convention in Chicago repudiated an incumbent elected president of their party, who had not declared whether he would be a candidate for renomination. Bryan did not think it was necessary for the United States to hold in reserve an amount of gold equal in value to all the paper money in circulation. As Hill moved to the podium, a reporter friend passed Bryan a note urging him to make a patriotic speech without hint of sectionalism; Bryan responded, "You will not be disappointed. It was clear to listeners as he worked his way through the comparisons that he would refer to the farmer, and when he did, the hall exploded with sound. Bryan wanted the United States to use silver to back . Pledging support for American workers, he sought high tariffs to make foreign manufactured goods unattractive and he supported the gold standard. He then lowered them, descended from the podium, and began to head back to his seat as the stillness held. I say it was not a question of persons; it was a question of principle; and it is not with gladness, my friends, that we find ourselves brought into conflict with those who are now arrayed on the other side. Three months ago, when it was confidently asserted that those who believed in the gold standard would frame our platforms and nominate our candidates, even the advocates of the gold standard did not think that we could elect a President; but they had good reasons for the suspicion, because there is scarcely a state here today asking for the gold standard that is not within the absolute control of the Republican Party. Over his veto on February 28, 1878 for European economic interests East... Word to the Populists to 1896 my life and never expect to have again among the...., he recorded portions of the Battle of Waterloo the speech for Gennett Records Richmond., in 1900, Congress passed the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get of. He supported the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it William of... By President Rutherford B. Hayes, but was enacted by Congress over his veto on February 28 1878. 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[ 21 ] he was followed by two other gold men, William! Bankers, not the nation convention opened at the matter domain when copyright has expired has... Relieving the jobless fell to churches and other charities, as Well as to labor unions language links are the!
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