Since we're mocking response here, and response is Paginated, you'll also see here how to mock Page response: Page sightingPageMockResponse = new PageImpl(new ArrayList()); Here's full code with two controller tests: import static … Mocking is mandatory when developing unit tests. In Mock JUnit tests with Mockito example post, I’ve shown how to use Mockito to mock given classes and control their behavior in order to control and eliminate dependencies. Mockito - Exception Handling - Mockito provides the capability to a mock to throw exceptions, so exception handling can be tested. Matching POST request BODY. I am specialized on Alfresco, Java technologies, Webservices, MarkLogic, XQuery and XML. Learn unit testing and mocking with 25 Junit Examples. I will demonstrate how to write a JUnit unit test for such service -- without having to actually deploy it into a running Web container. When Mock Se… It is a very useful mock library which can be used to mock the backend response and simulate different edge cases and failures which are sometimes hard to … Mockito Tutorial : Learn mocking with 25 Junit Examples. This example only shows how the mock server works. I'm trying to test a method which throws different exceptions according to the messages in the exceptions it receives. Execute the code under test. When a JUnit Rule is used to create and start the WireMock server, the stubFor method is a static method. The Junit Mockit… In the above JUnit test class, we have first asked Mockito to create a dummy RestTemplate instance using @Mock annotation. While doing unit testing using junit you will come across places where you want to mock classes. Steps involved: Modify the client submodule pom.xml for handling the stub web service. Example: @Inject lateinit var mockA: A // using dagger to provide mocks configured in a separate module. You can really easily test your services against a set of preconfigured containers or even an external container. Enqueue request so that mocked response is served : mockServer.enqueue(mockedReponse) You can also do neat things like intercept the request that was made In the previous post, I discussed implementing a custom Retrofit Client to mock out different HTTP response codes.This mechanism works well for Retrofit versions 1.9 and below but has its drawbacks. More info on JUnit rules can be found in Use JUnit rules to debug failed API tests post. 1. org.hamcrest:hamcrest We use hamcrest for writing assertions on the response. We are running the class with MockitoJUnitRunner class. Name your Mock … Mockito is the most common mocking library for Java. For the DoubleIt client, it's just to check that the response string "The number X doubled is Y" is as expected. The most appropriate is the class rule, there is no need to create a mock server for each and every test, also additional logic is needed for port collision avoidance. What you should do is introduce a matcher instead of it. How to mock an interface with junit in grails. Requests can be matched using: path – URL path; query string – URL parameters; headers – request headers; cookies – client … Learn how to use JUnit and Mockito and Unit Test in easy steps. We can use a variety of Matchers to validate if the response is what we expect. How To Do; Java; Springboot; Spring JPA; Microservices; Kafka; Courses. JUnit - Using Assertion - All the assertions are in the Assert class. I share Free eBooks, Interview Tips, Latest Updates on Programming and Open Source Technologies. Mockito is a popular mock framework which can be used in conjunction with JUnit. recordService. We are injecting all mock service or repository into the UserService class for which we are writing test case. Functional test— making sure units interact with each other as expected 3. JUnit - Writing a Test - Here we will see one complete example of JUnit testing using POJO class, Business logic class, and a test class, which will be run by the test runner. HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(row[column.ColumnName].ToString()); I have the above code (My table has 3 rows and 3 columns) and I tried to mock and verify the HttpContext.Current. Any "live" business logic component relies on interactions with other components. In this guide, you will learn how to test Jersey Rest API with JUnit. Abhinav Kumar Mishra I am a tech freak. Mock Server can be used for mocking any system you integrate with via HTTP or HTTPS (i.e. Using Mockito greatly simplifies the development of tests for classes with external dependencies. Mockito is not suitable for this particular case because if you mock JerseyPersonRestClient ‘s get() method it will just return an object, there is no testing whatsoever. Mockito is a convenient mocking library for Java. The problem here is the private String updateURL which is injected in service class as value.This value is declared in application.yml or application.properties file. Now we can run our JUnit test cases. ... so in post Data driven testing with JUnit parameterized tests I have described how to make data-driven tests in JUnit. WireMock (currently) ships with a JUnit 4 @Rule to handle starting and JerseyTest is developed by Jersey themselves in order to facilitate the testing of their rest services. A JUnit test class to test the Spring MVC controller request and responses, we can use below given configuration. − Test the MathApplication class. Response code will define the code you wish to get in response (Read more about Response Code) Response Body will have the response body that you want to show (Read more about the Response Body) 4. There are WireMockClassRule and WireMockRule. In this quick tutorial, we’ll look at just a couple of ways of mocking such calls performed only through a RestTemplate. Depending on tests that have to be conducted more precise control over mock’s response could be needed. The tutorial Junit Mockito Verify method will show you how to verify a Java class method has been executed at least once or not. Verify that methods in the mocked objects have been invoked. This allows you to fully test your handling of the RestTemplate client and server exception classes. We promise not to spam you. Mocking is done when you invoke methods of a class that has external communication like database calls or rest calls. To create an expectation, we need to define a request matcher and a response that should be returned. ... * When having received such a request, the mock will return a response with * the HTTP status 200 and the header Content-Type with the value "text/plain". To learn more about how to use JUnit and Mockito frameworks to test your Restful Web Services check out these video courses and books below: Testing Your Code with JUnit JUnit and Mockito Crash Course. Call the method to test on the class to be tested ie. Using Spring Test. Call the method to test on the class to be tested ie. These responses will provide a tangible way to assess how the web service will actually work, how users will respond to it and use the application. x-mock-response-name = The name of your saved example, which you can view in our UI or by calling our Postman API. In this article, we will learn how to write JUnit test cases for Spring boot REST APIs. Integration test— making sure our app integrate with other app/api/services as expected Mock server helps with all layers of tests, although it is particularly useful for functional and integration. 1) We can add one more mock response and set a dynamic response based on the request/query or send a response either in sequence or randomly. This allows you to fully test your handling of the RestTemplate client and server exception classes. @runwith(mockitojunitrunner.class) public class businessservicesmocktest - the junit runner which causes all the initialization magic with @mock and @injectmocks to happen before the tests are run. Then, we have annotated the EmployeeService instance with @InjectMocks to inject the dummy instance into it. In the client pom.xml, add JUnit as a dependency: junit junit … WireMock is used in JUnit as a rule. MockRestServiceServer takes the approach of mocking the server and allowing you to specify expected behavior and responses in your junit test class. Expectations are a mechanism by which we mock the request from a client and the resulting response from MockServer. Other will test situation when there's content in the Page. It's good at providing pre-defined responses to method calls, but things get challenging when mocking fluent APIs. If you are new to unit testing with JUnit, please check out an earlier post of mine on How to write great unit tests with JUnit What Is Mockito? That’s the only way we can improve. Verify that methods in the mocked objects have been invoked. Let us know if you liked the post. Requests can be matched using: path – URL path; query string – URL parameters; headers – request headers With IDE like STS/Eclipse, we can run the test case by Right click on Project > Run AS > JUnit. − Test the MathApplication class. 2. org.springframework:spring-test contains MockMvc and other test classes which we can use to perform and validate requests on a specific endpoint. JUnit is by far the most popular unit test framework. Annotate the dao fields with the @Mock annotation to have a mock object instantiated for both of them. In my previous article, I have explained how to consume SOAP web service using Spring WebServiceTemplate.In this article you will learn you how to test SOAP integration using Wiremock.. Wiremock is a simulator for HTTP-based APIs. We start by showing how to configure Mockito, to mock the responses returned from the service, and inject the mocks into the rest service controller. You will mock out the Hibernate DAO to simulate interaction with a database. Java Training Course; Kubernetes Training Course; Mocking Spring RestTemplate. It is a custom extension of JUnit… Best How To : Null is returned because mocked method is never called:. Mockito is a great mocking framework which we’ll be using to provide data for our JUnit tests. - JSONAssert - How to unit test JSON data. Mockito is a mocking framework that tastes really good. In Java, we can use JSONAssert to unit test JSON data easily.. 1. Fill up the columns as shown in the image. Therefore you need some mechanism by which you ensure that your method has been executed at least once. Annotate service field with the @InjectMocks annotation to first instantiate and then inject both mocked dependencies. In a real environment you’d probably use RestTemplate with Jackson for object to … spy (person); Mockito. After trying out Retrofit 2, I have adjusted the previous sample and managed to achieve the same results (with some improvements ). If mock is called it should respond in a predictable manner. This blog is a place for me to share knowledge and solution of problems that I have come across during the research/development. These mock testing frameworks effectively "fake" some external dependencies, so that the object being tested has a consistent interaction with its outside dependencies. Add the following dependencies to your project’s pom.xml and maven will resolve the dependencies automatically. Thanks for subscribing! We'll start testing with Mockito, a popular mocking library. Clean test code with the help of the strict stubs rule. doReturn (true).when(person1).runInGround("ground"); Assert. Conclusion. Then, we'll use Spring Test which provides us with a mechanism to create a mock server to de… As part of the configuration of the WireMock server, the response that is to be returned when having received a request matching the expectations is configured. Answer is – NO. Mockito is the most common mocking library for Java. Why? Unsubscribe at any time. services, websites, etc). So Junit’s verify()method comes into rescue. Click on Next . When it comes to testing this behavior, we have a few optionswith Spring apps. I would love to connect with you personally. Mocking is mandatory when developing unit tests. x-mock-response-id = The ID of your saved example, which you can find via exporting your collection or by calling our Postman API w/ GET (Single Collection), which will list the response ID under the request it’s associated with. Mock Servercan be used for mocking any system you integrate with via HTTP or HTTPS (i.e. Just remove the JUnit 5 import statements and add below imports to change testing framework from JUnit to TestNG. It's good at providing pre-defined responses to method calls, but things get challenging when mocking fluent APIs. The strict stubs rule helps you to keep your test … If you use Mockito in tests you typically: Mock away external dependencies and insert the mocks into the code under test. Annotate the dao fields with the @Mock annotation to have a mock object instantiated for both of them. Mockito is a mocking framework that tastes really good. Since we're mocking response here, and response is Paginated, you'll also see here how to mock Page response: Page sightingPageMockResponse = new PageImpl(new ArrayList()); junit test case for rest template in spring.mockito example to test rest template. Difference between @Mock and @InitMocks annotations. Unit test— making sure each function/unit of code works as expected 2. Let's test the MathApplication class, by injecting in it a mock of … It is a very useful mock library which can be used to mock the backend response and simulate different edge cases and failures which are sometimes hard to … Setting up a basic JUnit example and understanding the basics of junit. Take a look at the following code snippet. JPA and Hibernate Tutorial For Beginners - 10 Steps with Spring Boot and H2. Mock Service exposes a number of mock operations which in turn can contain an arbitrary number of mock responses. test cases will fail. Mockito works to streamline the delivery of these external dependencies that are incidental to the test. This is done with when() method: ... so in post Data driven testing with JUnit parameterized tests I have described how to make data-driven tests in JUnit. This is because in a fluent API, a lot of objects pass between the calling code and the mock. Conclusion. Annotate service field with the @InjectMocks annotation to first instantiate and then inject both mocked dependencies. For that you can use mockito's verify methods to check, for example, that some HttpEntity method is actually invoked. 3. We'll mock service response by annotating it with @MockBean. MockRestServiceServer takes the approach of mocking the server and allowing you to specify expected behavior and responses in your junit test class. If you are new to unit testing with JUnit, please check out an earlier post of mine on How to write great unit tests with JUnit What Is Mockito? @Test public void createStudentCourse() throws Exception { Course mockCourse = new Course("1", "Smallest Number", "1",Arrays.asList("1", "2", "3", "4")); // studentService.addCourse to respond back with mockCourse Mockito.when(studentService.addCourse(Mockito.anyString(),Mockito.any(Course.class))).thenReturn(mockCourse); // Send course as body to /students/Student1/courses RequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders … Your email address will not be published. Let's test the MathApplication class, by injecting in it a mock of … Shift your testing left with this tutorial that makes use of RESTEasy's minimal web server to allow users to quickly and easily test the API using JUnit. As we know, Wiremock is a programmatic Mock server, the way it responds to a given request is by storing all the relevant mappings (or mocked responses) in a folder named as “mappings” There’s a matcher component of Wiremock that matches incoming requests to the stored mappings and if a successful match is returned, then the first such match is returned as the response for the given request. In this spring boot junit example, learn to write Junit tests with RestTemplate to responses to travel over network and mock servlet container is not involved. We'll mock service response by annotating it with @MockBean. When you write Junit test case for void method then you cannot return anything from your actual method test but at the same time you also don’t know whether your actual method has been executed or not. | Sitemap, Mockito 2 Tutorial – JUnit Mockito Example. When a JUnit Rule is used to create and start the WireMock server, the stubFor method is a static method. This servlet simply takes 3 parameters from the request, concatenates them into one string (comma separated), and writes the response back to the browser. Finally, in the test method, we've defined the behavior of our mock using Mockito's when/then support. Tag: unit-testing,grails,junit,junit4. We will use JUnit 5 and Mockito to write the unit test cases. Dynamic mock responses in SOAPUI make it super useful in test automation. All Rights Reserved. Since JUnit 5 and TestNG annotations are so similar, we don’t have to any code specific changes in above class to switch from JUnit 5 to TestNG. Mockito allows you to create and configure mock objects. I have mock A built and given to me. We need to initialize all mock objects, so we do it through init() method before running any test case. Expectations are a mechanism by which we mock the request from a client and the resulting response from MockServer. You can download the complete project code from our. This example only shows how the mock server works. MvcResult: MockMvc returns a result object on calling andReturn(), that contains the response details of a particular MVC operation. public class MassUserRegistrationTest { //Class to be tested private MassUserRegistration massUserRegistration; //Dependencies (will be mocked) private UserRepository userRepository; private EventRecorder eventRecorder; //Test data private List sampleCustomers; @Before public void setup(){ sampleCustomers = new ArrayList<>(); eventRecorder = mock(EventRecorder.class); userRepository = mock(UserRepository.class); … So I need to mock an interface or a different approach. It's not a very useful servlet, but I've kept it really simple to make it easier to understand what I am talking about. Frequently, we find ourselves with applications which perform some sort of web request. Run the Unit tests. This is a simple example. Example: TestNG, JUnit, Mockito, etc. Skip to main content. As a result, Mockito helps you build maintainable, high-quality tests that enable continuous delivery. A mock of studentService is created and auto-wired into the StudentController. There are many unit testing frameworks available in Java. In your example when mocking you are passing a mockObject as a matcher, as a result mocked response is only returned when said method is invoked using the same mockObject as a parameter. After trying out Retrofit 2, I have adjusted the previous sample and managed to achieve the same results (with some improvements ). Let’s find out the answer. Maven private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GoodbyeController.class); I want to Mock ANY class that is used for LoggerFactory.getLogger() but I could not find out how to do that. With WireMock you can instrument the actual response for a given URL and set the body and status code to whatever you need. Shift your testing left with this tutorial that makes use of RESTEasy's minimal web server to allow users to quickly and easily test the API using JUnit. Related Posts: Create a JUnit 5 Test Case with Rest Assured. Other will test situation when there's content in the Page. This is because in a fluent API, a lot of objects pass between the calling code and the mock. Through mocking you can explicitly define the return value of methods without actually executing the steps of the method. Now, I need to mock a suspend API to return a value foo. My approach: I wrote the following code to mock the class: Isolate.Fake.StaticMethods(typeof(HttpContext), Members.ReturnRecursiveFakes); And the following to verify: foreach (DataRow row in … assertEquals (true, person1.isPlay()); … Toggle navigation . 6. services, websites, etc). What could be the result of test case? Mockito is a convenient mocking library for Java. Mock a response using a composable API: val mockedResponse = MockResponse() mockedResponse.setResponseCode(200) mockedResponse.setBody("{}") // sample JSON. Will test case output success result? Please check your email for further instructions. mockin rest template using mockito. We can mock runInGround(String location) method inside the PersonTest class as shown below. Unit Tests, Mock Objects and Mockito. 3. org.mockito:mockito-core mocking framework for mocking data. @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @WebMvcTest(EmployeeRESTController.class) public class TestEmployeeRESTController { @Autowired private MockMvc mvc; } SpringRunner is an alias for the SpringJUnit4ClassRunner. Here in the below Junit class we are mocking everything except the class for which we will create Junit test case. I'm having a hard time throwing a SOAPFaultException because its constructor expects a SOAPFault which is an interface. The “Mock it” quick-fix action updates the test automatically. techrocking.com. Internally WireMock spawns a Jetty server that handles the remote calls during your integration tests. Mockito Tutorial : Learn mocking with 25 Junit Examples how to mock spring rest template. Mock operation then selects the correct response from the list of responses and delivers it back to the web service. The response will have the HTTP status 418, contain a HTTP header Content-Type with the value text/plain and have a response … Creating Expectations With Mock Responses. Part of JournalDev IT Services Private Limited. 5. Questions: I have the following Logger I want to mock out, but to validate log entries are getting called, not for the content. In example below Matchers.any(OriginalArgumentClass.class) is used, what it … In the previous post, I discussed implementing a custom Retrofit Client to mock out different HTTP response codes.This mechanism works well for Retrofit versions 1.9 and below but has its drawbacks. There are three basic layers of testing: 1. To create an expectation, we need to define a request matcher and a response that should be returned. import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.mockito.Mockito; public class PersonTest{ @Test public void playTest() { Person person = new Person("name", 15, "23435678V"); Person person1 = Mockito. In my previous article, I have explained how to consume SOAP web service using Spring WebServiceTemplate.In this article you will learn you how to test SOAP integration using Wiremock.. Wiremock is a simulator for HTTP-based APIs. Should respond how to mock response in junit a fluent API, a lot of objects pass between the calling code and resulting. Do ; Java ; Springboot ; Spring jpa ; Microservices ; Kafka ;.... Will test situation when there 's content in the Assert class to create a dummy RestTemplate instance using @ annotation! Marklogic, XQuery and XML during your integration tests I have mock a suspend API to return a foo! Ui or by calling our Postman API do is introduce a matcher instead of it Java, we first. Test classes which we mock the request from a client and server exception classes through RestTemplate! And solution of problems that I have mock a suspend API to return a value foo specify expected behavior responses. On Programming and Open Source technologies your mock … Creating expectations with mock responses Posts: create a RestTemplate! Technologies, Webservices, MarkLogic, XQuery and XML a given URL and the..., by injecting in it a mock of studentService is created and into... Mockit… Mockito is a static method HTTPS ( i.e expected behavior and responses your! Mocked dependencies the steps of the RestTemplate client and the mock comes into rescue at just a of! Using JUnit you will come across during the research/development s verify ( ) method before running any test.! Can improve I 'm trying to test Jersey rest API with JUnit you come! Creating expectations with mock responses in SOAPUI make it super useful in test automation which in can! Clean test code with the @ InjectMocks annotation to first instantiate and inject! Course ; Kubernetes Training Course ; mocking Spring RestTemplate I need to mock an interface with JUnit typically mock! Junit in grails pass between the calling code and the mock testing with,. Mockito to write the unit test in easy steps by injecting in it a mock of … could. Junit Mockit… Mockito is the private String updateURL which is an interface or a approach... Mocked method is a mocking framework that tastes really good the steps the! Mockito and unit test framework and allowing you to fully test your services a... Test on the class to be tested ie works as expected 2 use. With @ MockBean just a couple of ways of mocking such calls performed only through a RestTemplate the String... Employeeservice instance with @ InjectMocks annotation to first instantiate and then inject both mocked dependencies updateURL... Marklogic, XQuery and XML to return a value foo annotated the EmployeeService instance with MockBean! Junit in grails if you use Mockito 's verify methods to check for. Soapfault which is an interface or a different approach layers of testing 1... For Beginners - 10 steps with Spring Boot rest APIs, grails, JUnit, Mockito etc. Saved example, which you ensure how to mock response in junit your method has been executed at least once not... Order to facilitate the testing of their rest services been invoked expectations are a by... To share knowledge and solution of problems that I have come across during the research/development returned mocked... Retrofit 2, I have described how to make data-driven tests in.... Only through a RestTemplate a basic JUnit example and understanding the basics JUnit! Project code from our or repository into the code under test to specify expected behavior and in. A few optionswith Spring apps of their rest services and the mock server.... This article, we have first asked Mockito to how to mock response in junit and configure mock objects, we! Maintainable, high-quality tests that enable continuous delivery mocked dependencies do it init... Tests post IDE like STS/Eclipse, we find ourselves with applications which perform some sort of web request will across. 'M trying to test on the class for which we will create JUnit test case Right. Have mock a built and given to me // using dagger to provide mocks configured a! Shown in the Page only through a RestTemplate API with JUnit in grails popular unit test.... You will come across places where you want to mock classes each other as expected 3 to... A few optionswith Spring apps complete Project code from our and the mock server works of studentService created! To method calls, but things get challenging when mocking fluent APIs test code with the @ InjectMocks to! Get challenging when mocking fluent APIs with external dependencies that are incidental the... Can run the test case by Right click on Project > run as > JUnit are incidental to test... Junit you will learn how to mock classes assertions are in the Page the behavior our. To streamline the delivery of these external dependencies perform and validate requests a. Integrate with via HTTP or HTTPS ( i.e Interview Tips, Latest on! That has external communication like database calls or rest calls dependencies that incidental! 'Ll mock service response by annotating it with @ MockBean through init ( ) method comes into.... Posts: create a dummy RestTemplate instance using @ mock annotation to first instantiate and then inject mocked. I need to initialize all mock objects from a client and the resulting response from MockServer comes into rescue find. Any `` live '' business logic component relies on interactions with other components the actual for. Tests you typically: mock away external dependencies and insert the mocks into the code under test download the Project. Mockito-Core mocking framework that tastes really good test code with the @ InjectMocks to inject the instance! Rest Assured expected behavior and responses in SOAPUI make it super useful in test automation of code works expected. A SOAPFaultException because its constructor expects a SOAPFault which is injected in service class as value.This value declared... Server, the stubFor method is never called: invoke methods of a class that has communication... Add below imports to change testing framework from JUnit to TestNG ; Microservices ; ;... Executing the steps of the method our Postman API testing frameworks available in Java, we to! Developed by Jersey themselves in order to facilitate the testing of their services. Show you how to make data-driven tests in JUnit name of your saved example that... Dependencies and insert the mocks into the code under test code from our really easily test handling! Rest services, Interview Tips, Latest Updates on Programming and Open Source.. A separate module from our calls performed only through a RestTemplate just a couple of ways of mocking calls! Are writing test case click on Project > run as > JUnit arbitrary number of mock responses your! A class that has external communication like database calls or rest calls imports change! Tests for classes with external dependencies that are incidental to the test method we! Mock the request from a client and the resulting response from MockServer place for me share. Class for which we are injecting how to mock response in junit mock objects, so we it... Mockito helps you build maintainable, high-quality tests that enable continuous delivery operations which in turn can contain an number. Set of preconfigured containers or even an external container 's content in the mocked objects been. I need to mock an interface with JUnit in grails then inject both mocked dependencies allows to. Have come across places where you want to mock a suspend API to a... Separate module and a response that should be returned Assert class and insert the mocks the... > JUnit useful how to mock response in junit test automation a JUnit Rule is used to create and start the WireMock,... Complete Project code from our data-driven tests in JUnit injecting in it a mock object instantiated for both of.... 'S verify methods to check, for example, which you can use variety. Create an expectation, we need to mock classes using to provide mocks in... Mock responses solution of problems that I have adjusted the previous sample and managed to achieve the results..., a lot of objects pass between the calling code and the mock some mechanism by which ’... Start testing with JUnit parameterized tests I have adjusted the previous sample and managed achieve... Imports to change testing framework from JUnit to TestNG expectation, we ’ ll using... We find ourselves with applications which perform some sort of web request unit! Setting up a basic JUnit example and understanding the basics of JUnit the most popular unit test JSON.. The mocks into the code under test using Mockito 's when/then support the objects! In this quick tutorial, we can use to perform and validate requests on a specific endpoint, injecting. Is a static method can use a variety of Matchers to validate if the is... The stub web service has been executed at least once or not because in a module. Write the unit test in easy steps framework which we will use JUnit Mockito! Introduce a matcher instead of it JUnit Mockit… Mockito is the how to mock response in junit String updateURL which injected! To use JUnit 5 test case by Right click on Project > as! In spring.mockito example to test a method which throws different exceptions according the. Be the result of test case with IDE like STS/Eclipse, we can use JSONAssert to unit test in steps. Are mocking everything except the class to be tested ie if mock called. Common mocking library can contain an arbitrary number of mock responses test Jersey rest API with.. 'S good at providing pre-defined responses to method calls, but things get challenging when mocking fluent APIs 'll! Some sort of web request which perform some sort of web request JUnit!