Ma studied computer science at Shenzhen University, where he earned (1993) a Bachelor of Science degree. The power of cross-cultural collaboration, Leading digital transformation: what you must know, Discover fresh perspectives and research insights from LBS. Ma quickly rose to the top of Chinas telecom business after the company raised $200 million in its IPO in June. Tencent subsequently gained the backing of two overseas venture-capital firms, and in June 2004 the firm raised nearly $200 million when it went public on the Hong Kong stock exchange. Tencent CEO Ma Huateng, also known as Pony Ma, started out making $176 a month and now has a net worth of $45 billion. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Tencent, one of Asias most valuable corporations, one of the worlds largest Internet and technology companies, as well as one of the worlds largest investment, gaming, and entertainment conglomerates. This model gave Ohno ideas on how to reduce inventory and simplify assembly lines [84, 86, 87]. In terms of being inspirational and a great team builder. It is the biggest mobile gaming franchise in the world, surpassing the revenues of Microsoft and Sony. Unlike Western app constellations, Tencent combines as many features into one app as possible. Founders were two students of Stanford University, Sergey Brin, and Larry Page [48]. Ma Huateng. Reshma began her career as an attorney and activist, and founded Girls Who Code (GWC) after witnessing first-hand the gender gap in the field of Computer Science while running for US Congress (fun fact: Reshma was the first South Asian woman to run . Alibabas business model bets a revolutionary innovation: Mas belief that the small-business-to-small-business online market offered much greater opportunity than the consumer-to-consumer one, the reason being that, unlike consumers, small businesses are willing to pay a membership fee [91]. Chinas giants are famous for plucking the best from the West and localising products for a home crowd. His father, Ma Chenshu, moved to Shenzhen to work as a port manager when Huateng was quite young. As Steve Jobs, Mas idol, once quipped, If you dont cannibalise yourself, someone else will. Each month product managers run 10 end-user surveys, read 100 users blogs and collect user-experience feedback from 1,000 people. For leadership, we have to see things that other people dont see [92]. An important feature of Tencents dizzying success had been its ability to develop hot products quickly. London, SW7 2QJ, In 2004, Tencent launched an online gaming platform and started selling virtual goods to support the games published on that platform (weapons, gaming power), as well as emoticons and ringtones. Ma asks people to try bravely, without hesitation, which is how WeChat came about. No exceptions, said Bezos. Toward the end of the second world war, Taiichi Ohno worked as a production engineer for Toyota, a Japanese car manufacture founded in Japan by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 [83]. Googles innovation model is based on a hubGoogleplexthat attracts talent; this is the same model than Edisons [50, 52, 53]. Innovation has nothing to do with how many R&D dollars you have. Ma quickly embraced open-source software. The companys influence on the Chinese market was immense. Email: Based on the contingency leadership theory,this paper analyzes the leadership style of Ma Huateng and examines the impact of his leadership style evolution on Tencent culture.Ma's leadership style changed from transactional leadership to transformational leadership.These two leadership styles shaped Tencent's markethierarchy orientation culture During the second quarter of 2020, the company posted net sales (revenue) of RMB 114.83 billion. The list includes personal computers, music distribution, tablet computing, mobile phones and digital publishing. The internet sector in China is politically policed, but it is also lightly regulated. Tencents third source of revenue is an ecosystem built around its one billion users. By 2015, QQ had 850 million monthly users [94]. In 2016, Apple ranked number 1 in the world in terms of market capitalization. Leadership Styles during Disruption: A Multi-Case Study Written By Alberto Abadia Submitted: July 8th, 2022 Reviewed: September 13th, 2022 Published: October 28th, 2022 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108029 IntechOpen Leadership - Advancing Great Leadership Practices and Good Leaders Edited by Joseph Crawford From the Edited Volume Ma Huateng , born on October 29, 1971), also known as Pony Ma, is a Chinese billionaire business magnate. VR, AI you name it, Ma is buying stakes in it. Jack Ma, the former English teacher who founded Alibaba, is the antithesis of his namesake: fting world leaders, setting bold targets and his penchant for shooting from the hip leave his minders. A service starts with the satisfaction and needs of its users in mind and is de ned by those two things, he wrote on WeChats internal platform in April 2017. By 1869, he thought that he had made enough progress with a duplex telegrapha device capable of transmitting two messages simultaneously on one single wireand abandoned telegraphy for full-time entrepreneurship. [31] In December 2000, Ma changed the name of the software to QQ (with "Q" and "QQ" used to stand for the word "cute").[35]. During the last two decades, there is an increasing number of leadership theories and frameworks. Openness In June 2004, Tencent raised nearly US$200 million in the capital market [94]. On his role as a supporter of organized learning and growth inside the organization: My job as a leader is to make sure everybody in the company has great opportunities, and that they feel theyre having a meaningful impact and are contributing to the good of society. Exxon Mobil, Berkshire Hathaway, Wells Fargo, and Johnson and Johnson [29]. [33], After AOL (America Online) bought ICQ in 1998, the company filed an arbitration against Tencent with the National Arbitration Forum in the United States, claiming that OICQ's domain names OICQ.com and OICQ.net were in violation of ICQ's trademark. Visionary leaders have clear, long-term visions, and are able to inspire and motivate others. The rm also invested US$1.8 billion (1.3 billion) in Tesla. Everything started in 1995, during a trip to the USA, when Jack Ma learned for the first time about website portals and Internet. In 2007, Alibaba.com raised US$1.7 billion dollars in its initial public offering (IPO) in Hong Kong [91]. Satya Nadella is a leader on the risefor the last five years, he's served as the CEO of Microsoft, quickly earning a name for himself in the world beyond tech. He Defines Failure as Giving Up: This is one of his popular leadership quality and skill that defines him a successful leader. The Tencent Group (HKG: $0700 ) has developed a good understanding of the consumer behaviour in the Chinese digital market after years of dominating the market - and also refined a rather unique business model. During the 2014 Chinese Lunar New Year celebrations, Tencent built on the ancient custom of giving red envelopes lled with money to boost trac on WeChats mobile payments platform. Ultimately, though, the combination of Onhos leadership and revolutionary innovation transformed Toyota from being an average car maker in Japan to becoming the number one global leader. Jack Ma is more aggressive on new initiatives and strategies whereas Pony Ma adapts a more stable strategy. Ma Huateng, (born October 29, 1971, Chaoyang, Guangdong province, China), Chinese business executive who was cofounder and CEO (1998- ) of Tencent Holdings Ltd., one of the world's largest Internet companies. On being an innovator: Invention is not enough. The three most common leadership styles include skill based, trait based, and behavior based approaches. Next, the chapter describes a conducted multi-case study that tested the actual possible correlation between the chosen leadership framework and the profile of the leaders of their disruptively successful corporations. Away from Chinas rewalled internet garden, you can live quite happily on a diet of other digital services. Lulu Chen's book charts how the success of WeChat has placed Pony Ma's. The definition of entrepreneurial leadership can be traced back to different theories about entrepreneurship [14], entrepreneurial orientation [15, 16], and entrepreneurial management [16]. Zhang was concerned that Kik or similar products could rival Tencents QQ. 3% of Tencent management is Hispanic or Latino. Now is the time for our government, enterprises, academic and research institutions to work together to change the status quo. Ma Huateng is a business tycoon, an entrepreneur, an engineer, a philanthropist, and an investor. Taobao did not charge a fee but made money from online services and advertising. Multiple theorical and practical studies indicate that the longitudinal multi-case approach is the best one in terms of properly investigating the results of qualitative inputs [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28]. Dear colleague, dear friend: these are the words that, both, Ortega and Steve Jobs, used in letters addressed to employees [81]. He wanted, simply, to create excellent products and have the co-founders see a return on their investment: I focused on product and Tony Zhang focused on technology. Tencent Holdings Ltd., also known as Tencent, is a Chinese multinational technology conglomerate holding company founded by Ma Huateng in 1998. The conclusion of this article is beneficial to the firm and its leaders in terms of using leadership style to shape the culture, which corresponds to the stage of development and to promote the companys long-term development. [36], Mimicking Microsoft, Ma created two competing teams of engineers in 2010 and charged them with creating a new product. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ma_Huateng&oldid=1135733922, Delegates to the 12th National People's Congress, Delegates to the 13th National People's Congress, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 14:49. For instance, the rst major chat app in China wasnt WeChat; it was Miliao, which was produced by Xiaomi. *Address all correspondence to: alberto.aba@gmail.com. And these products can be manufactured and given to people and they can sense that spirit [45]. Ma Huateng has built Tencent through transformational leadership behaviours, including his vision of continuous innovation, encouragement of experimentation, and modelling that innovative spirit. 4 On China's 100 Richest 2021, Tencent CEO Ma Huateng Is Back On Top As Chinas Richest Person, Tencents Ma Huateng Overtakes Jack Ma As Chinas Richest Again Amid Coronavirus Lockdowns, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information. Opps.. Something goes wrong. In the case of the selected framework, the results are the ones that tell if this choice was right. The other quality of a visionary leader, supporting internal growth, was clearly evinced by the way that he spoke about Toyota and its organizational style over the length of his career. Tencents attention to speed has long had its rivals green. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Regarding the second attribute of visionary leadership [18], which is supporting organized learning and growth within the organization, Jobs spoke eloquently about its importance, from his own point of view: The people who are doing the work are the moving force behind the Macintosh. Internal battles, where two teams can The 46-year-old magnate shies away from the spotlight, preferring to lead rather decisively from the shadows. Tencents market hierarchy and teamwork innovation orientation cultures were shaped by these two leadership styles, respectively. These labels define a concept different than Christensens. However, 2years later, he closed his first company because of strong competitors such as Chinesepage [91]. Visionary leadership style. It has stakes in electric car maker Tesla and music-streaming service Spotify, which in turn has a stake in its Tencent Music. This can be effective in some cases, but it can also lead to resentment from followers who feel like they are not being given a voice. Teams also have freedom to compete. The Oxford Dictionary defines agility as the ability to move quickly and easily, which is the foundation on which Ma built the business. Mandi is an experienced writer on various topics with a passion for telling stories with words. For instance, he described Toyota in the following way: The Toyota style is not to create results by working hard. Jack Ma's wealth gain for the year all but evaporated, after Alibabas stock was dragged lower on renewed worries over the companys growth prospects. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Wang Dan-ting is the wife of one of China's richest men, Ma Huateng, the founder of Tencent and QQ. When Apple came up with the Mac, IBM was spending at least 100 times more on R&D. The leader has grown Tencents using transformational leadership style, which is also in line with his vision in the direction of continuous innovation, encouraging employees to experiment and has provided a unique model to inculcate the innovative spirit. It is a system that says there is no limit to peoples creativity. Afterwards, 80 percent of the company's revenue came from deals struck with telecom operators who agreed to share message fees. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ma-Huateng. The World's 10 Most Powerful Executives This year's Forbes list (May 10, 2018) of the World Most Powerful included 75 namesone for every 100 million people on earth. He gives importance to the ideas and strategies given by his employees. As a youth in A Corua, Galicia, in northwestern Spain, Amacio Ortega gained an entry into the garment business by working as a delivery boy for a mens shirt store and assistant in a tailors shop. Updates? We lack people with dreams, who can die for those dreams; For most people, they see and believe. What do they fundamentally do wrong? Manag. Japan, Alibaba Group Holding Limited; Jack Ma. In 2010 mobile use was skyrocketing: the surge was a new opportunity to exploit. Spain. In 1975 William Henry Gates IIIknown as Bill Gates, a student then at Harvard University, and his friend, Paul Allen, partnered and founded a developing software company, called Microsoft [66]. Tencent lost the dispute, and the domain names had to be relinquished. As for external competition, Tencent has experienced plenty. He considered the next generation better positioned to dream up the next big product idea. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. QQ and Facebook reigned supreme in the PC era and were modied to suit mobile. Jobs and Wozniak later designed a far better product, the Apple II [39]. 2.2.2. He is the son of Ma Chenshu and Huang Huiqing. [8][9] In 2018, he was named one of the "Most Powerful People In The World" by the CEOWORLD magazine. For instance, the number was three in the case of the study Internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises: a multi case study [30], four, in the case of the study Competitive product-service systems: lessons from a multi-case study [31], and 10 in the case of the study Knowledge management critical failure factors: a multi-case study [32]. Second, if youre into gaming, chances are youre playing on a platform owned by Tencent. 7. In essence, Googles business model has been labeled as continuous disruptive innovation [51] or continuous innovation [50]. [19] Ma Huateng ranks fourth in the list of Forbes's China's 100 Richest, with a net worth of US$23.4 billion in December 2022. Ma Huateng expressed that our basic research in science and technology is still weak, and we don't have many unique innovations. Inditex produces a significant amount of its production in-house and makes sure that its own factories reserve 85% of their capacity for in-season adjustments [77]. The couple has a daughter named Ma Manlin. . It is the same that causes people to wantna be poets instead of bankers, and I think this is a wonderful thing. Eventually, there is no assumption on what the results would have been or would be if some other of these frameworks would have been tested in the study. Inditex currently owns famous brands such as Zara, Pull & Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home, and Uterqe. He is the founder, chairman. The other most plausible alternative option, direct interviews or direct surveys, would not have been doable, given the challenge of obtaining response from a large number of highly profiled business leaders. The interesting question is whether it needs to go global. In terms of actively supporting internal growth: When you go out into the workplace, you should be looking for things that you can do for your people there. Openness also means sharing. In 2017 Tencent opened its rst data centre in Silicon Valley and announced plans for ve more outside China. The innovation is the latest to integrate WeChat into peoples everyday lives cementing its status as the app for everything. Tencent Inc. is a Chinese IT and investment holding company that was founded in 1998. Ma Huateng, also known as Pony Ma, is a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur. Childhood & Early Life. Table 1 summarizes the findings on rankings associated with the four above-mentioned features. Ma and his colleagues were inspired by the concept and developed a comparable program with a Chinese interface and a slightly different name OICQ (or, Open ICQ). Employees share insights, software and entire bodies of code from other parts of the business. BAT Baidu, Alibaba and Tencent are Chinas power gang. In that trip, he visited one of the supermarkets of the Piggly Wiggly chain [84, 85]. In 1859, Edison quit school and began working as a train boy on the railroad between Detroit and Port Huron. In 2007, 2014,[6] and 2018, Time magazine named him one of the world's most influential people,[7] while in 2015, Forbes credited him as one of the world's most powerful people. 18% of the management team is White. Jack Mas decline in net worth to $20.6 billion follows his retreat from the internet business empire he cofounded. At 49 years old, he is the Chairman of Tencent, a company listed amongst the biggest companies in the world by the . The participative leadership style is highly effective in achieving the business goals and vision of the organization. Tencent lost the case and had to relinquish the domain names. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. WeChat is the worlds largest instant messaging application, with 48 percent of Internet users in the Asia-Pacific area using it in 2015. He registered more than 1000 patents in the US alone [53] and founded more than 300 companies [34, 35, 36, 53]. I am still clinging to this enthusiasm [95]. By 2007, Taobao had a 67 percent market share in China and eBay sold its Chinese operations to the media consortium TOM Group. Amancio Ortega, who was the one that directly conceived and engineered the above-mentioned business model, clearly is an innovator and a pioneer [18]. Inditexs business model, which is based on flexibility and speed, requires a vertically integrated value chain that differs greatly from that of other competitors, like Benetton and Mango. April 6, 2021. Chairman and CEO, Tencent Holdings. Analysts estimate that more than two thirds of the almost 1.4 billion population use Tencent. Googles beginnings were less humble than those of earlier Silicon Valley startups at the time, because the two founders were able to initially raise US$1 million US dollars [49]. Still, Tencent has surged ahead and left national rivals like Baidu behind. Licensee IntechOpen. In 2017, Fortune ranked him as among the top businessmen of the year. The only large-enough Western European disruptively successful company that also met the criteria was the Spanish firm Inditexnumber 67 as per market capitalization [29]. Let China's internet giants tell you", "Ma vs. Ma: The most expensive house in Hong Kong belongs to one of China's internet kings - but is it Jack or Pony? The study described in this chapter explores how some leadership models may be linked to some exceptional occurrences, such as disruptive success. This label can be applied to startups or more maturebut not yet elitecompanies that, at some point, grew fast and became world leaders in a period of less than 20years. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. The article concludes that leadership style impacts corporate culture and that the evolution of leadership style has an impact on corporate culture change. By mlavoie on June 1, 2019. IntechOpen Limited Taking into consideration the profile that could be expected in the context of startups and an innovation-led context [1, 2, 3], best framework candidates for further evaluation would be (1) transformational leadership, (2) charismatic leadership, (3) entrepreneurial leadership, and (4) visionary leadership. Ma believes that innovation follows the other six principles agility, openness, user rst, speed, resilience and evolution. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ma Huateng Overview CB Rank (Person) 260,188 Jobs Number of Current Jobs 1 Ma Huateng is the CEO at WeChat. On being a pioneer: In a world thats changing really quickly, the only strategy that is guaranteed to fail is not taking risks [75]. Facebook was banned in China in July 2009, the same year WhatsApp launched. Two months later, one team presented WeChat, a text messaging and group chat software that was released in January 2011. Besides, Tencent has earned its premier status and, as long as Ma keeps pushing his principles, perhaps the rest of the world can adopt them as their own. Instagram: biographyscoop. [32][37], Other diverse services provided by Tencent include web portals, e-commerce, and multiplayer online games. Inditex ranked 67 in the global top 100 as per market capitalization [29]. Net Worth $67.5 billion (As of March 01, 2021) Ma Huateng's Assets: Tencent Holdings. This reality implies that collective or organizational outputs may not always be prioritized or maximized, since that is not the main objective for this type of leaders [9]. Ma Huateng is currently worth $64.6bn surpassing Zhong Shanshan who is currently at $62.5bn according to the Bloomberg Billionaire's index. He applied the term transformational instead of transforming. Bass argued that transformational leadership has four constitutive parts [6, 7] which are (1) idealized influence, (2) inspirational motivation, (3) intellectual stimulation, and (4) individualized consideration. Jobs, pioneered devices such as iMacs, iPods, iPhones, iTunes, and iPads and initiated projects such as Pixar and Apple computers [18]. Please try again later. [43] He owns a redeveloped palatial residence of 1,820 m 2 (19,600 sq ft) in Hong Kong. By setting the right cultural tone. Entrepreneurial leadership framework appears to be a suitable option for the study in terms of effectively measuring the entrepreneurial aspect in leadership, but it does not really screen or measure elements that may impact discontinuous innovation [17], which would be mandatory for the chosen context. So what can the rest of the world learn from the man behind it all? [31] In order to solve the problem, Ma asked for bank loans and even talked about selling the company. Please note that by subscribing now you may from time to time receive other emails from LBS about events or other activities that we think might interest you. Resour. Formative years and academics The birthplace of Ma is Chaoyang, Shantou, Guangdong province. . The battleground is vibrant. Nine is also a number in the range of similar studies conducted in the past. Effectiveness of leadership style. Its headquarters is located in Shenzhen, China. He is married to Wang Dan-ting. Pony is Mas nickname, which comes from the English version of his surname Ma, which means horse. Ma is known for his reclusive lifestyle and rarely appears in the public. Leadership style and approach Ma Huateng pursues the leadership styles which aids in running his company in a successful way. Ineciencies and inertia creep in. Here's an overview of eight common leadership styles, from autocratic to visionary, with a look at the benefits and challenges of each style: 1. [Photo by Tang Mingming/For China Daily] NPC deputy believes digital economy could become the engine driving China's next phase of development, affecting many sectors Ma Huateng November 30 2022 Review Non-Fiction Influence Empire can Tencent negotiate China's shifting political winds? As the most popular industries in Shenzhen . Please enter a keyword and click the arrow to search the site, How the man behind the Chinese goliath keeps innovating. These two leadership styles shaped Tencent's markethierarchy orientation culture and teamwork\innovation orientation culture respectively. Tencents earlier e orts include investing in the US-based Snapchat. Ma now sits atop the worlds fth most valuable public rm, worth US$556 billion (402 billion). Following the AOL lawsuit, Ma wanted to broaden Tencents business portfolio. Rev. Steve Jobs ranked top in the list of the 20 most influential Americans of all times [34]. [34] With the pager market declining, Ma improved the messaging platform by allowing QQ users to send messages to mobile handsets. Tencent's market hierarchy and teamwork innovation orientation cultures were shaped by these two leadership styles, respectively. There is some dispute among scholars regarding the quality of Pages leadership strength, especially during his early tenure [56]. Alternatively, Call of Duty or Candy Crush might be the vehicle that realises the global ambitions. 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