It would be too expensive for the companies to ship by rail. [33] On September 21, 2007, the National Energy Board of Canada approved the construction of the Canadian section of the pipeline, including converting a portion of TransCanada's Canadian Mainline gas pipeline to crude oil pipeline, on September 21, 2007. What some pipeline advocates think is the "Keystone Pipeline" is a 1,700-mile "shortcut" called Keystone XL, or KXL. seq., the Corps' issuance of the permits was arbitrary and capricious and an abuse of discretion. [125] TransCanada's Pipeline Permit Application to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission states project impacts that include potential physical disturbance, demolition or removal of "prehistoric or historic archaeological sites, districts, buildings, structures, objects, and locations with traditional cultural value to Native Americans and other groups".[126]. [1][2][3], The Keystone Pipeline System spans from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Texas. [29] The Canadian section would consist of 526 kilometres (327mi) of new pipeline. [163][164] The U.S. State Department's Preliminary Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, issued in March 2013, estimated 3,900 direct jobs and 42,000 direct and indirect jobs during construction. From here, it will be sent to different overseas markets. If completed, the Keystone XL would have added 510,000 barrels (81,000 m 3) per day increasing the total capacity up to 1.1 million barrels (170,000 m 3) per day. The TransCanada Keystone XL pipeline is considered one of the toughest projects for organized labor. [61] On February 11, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the House of Representatives with the proposed Senate Amendments 270152. [96] This prompted Solicitor General Noel J. Francisco to file an application for stay to the Supreme Court. This is why we fight[134] further explains the relationship with the Oceti Sakowin Tribe by referring to the environment as Mother Earth when resisting the Keystone Pipeline. The surge occurred during a selloff of the price of oil, following the 20212022 global energy crisis. [214][215] Overall, the EPA rated the SEIS with their category "EO-2" (EO for "environmental objections" and 2 for "insufficient information"). [135] As of October 17, 2011, TransCanada had "34 eminent domain actions against landowners in Texas" and "22 in South Dakota". [23][24], The Keystone Pipeline system consisted of the operational Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, the Gulf Coast Pipeline Project. The Keystone Pipeline was shut down mid-November 2017 after it leaked an initial estimate of 210,000 gallons of crude oil in Amherst, South Dakota, . In addition, When the State Department released the original proposal ERM had submitted to secure the SEIS contract, portions of the work histories of key personnel were redacted. [197] Protesters called on President Obama to reject the planned pipeline extension when deciding the fate of the pipeline after Secretary of State John Kerry completes a review of the project.[198]. [170][dead link] In January 2015, Senate Republicans blocked a vote on an amendment proposed by Senator Edward J. Markey, which would have banned exports from the Keystone XL pipeline and required that the pipeline be built with steel from the United States. [276], The Enbridge "Alberta Clipper" expansion of the existing cross-border Line 67 pipeline has been continuing since late 2013. These sands contain bitumen, a gooey type of petroleum that can be converted into fuel. This Keystone XL project will bring oil from Canadas oil sands to Gulf Coast in Texas. [136] On October 4, 2012, 78-year-old Texas landowner Eleanor Fairchild was arrested for criminal trespassing and other charges after she was accused of standing in front of pipeline construction equipment on Fairchild's farm in Winnsboro, a town about 100 miles (160km) east of Dallas. "[226], Different environmental groups, citizens, and politicians have raised concerns about the potential negative impacts of the Keystone XL project. The Keystone pipeline is seen as a way to replace imports of heavy oil-sand crude from Venezuela with more reliable Canadian heavy oil. These spills could release as much as 180,000 barrels (29,000m3) of oil each."[223]. Nevertheless, in the mid-2000s, with gas prices on the rise, oil companies ramped up production and sought additional ways to move their product from Canadas remote tar sands fields to midwestern and Gulf Coast refineries. [28], The U.S. portion of the Keystone Pipeline included 1,744 kilometres (1,084mi) of new, 30-inch-diameter (760mm) pipeline in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. We will close our reservation borders to Keystone XL. The President said in Cushing, Oklahoma, on March 22, "Today, I'm directing my administration to cut through the red tape, break through the bureaucratic hurdles, and make this project a priority, to go ahead and get it done. To clear this keystone pipeline facts and myths, the government has inclined towards supporting this project. [152][153] TransCanada CEO Russ Girling has argued that "the U.S. needs 10 million barrels a day of imported oil" and the debate over the proposed pipeline "is not a debate of oil versus alternative energy. The only group identified by the Pew poll with less than majority support for the pipeline was among those Democrats who identified themselves as liberal (41% in favor versus 54% opposed).[261]. The black snake is a reference to something that is sneaky, dangerous and sinister, which is the way the Sioux Nation views the Keystone Pipeline. [100], The company, which changed its name from TransCanada Corporation to TC Energy Corporation on May 3, 2020, to "better reflect the scope of our operations as a leading North American energy infrastructure company", is the sole owner of the Keystone Pipeline System. The main reason why TransCanada is pulling out every single card on this project is that its the only way for this company to explore overseas markets. [37] It took TransCanada more than two years to acquire all the necessary state and federal permits for the pipeline. On June 15, 2015 the House Oversight Committee threatened to subpoena the State Department for the latter's withholding of records relevant to the process since March 2015 and calling the process "unnecessarily secretive". [185] A broad coalition of protesters, including Phil Radford, Daryl Hannah,[186] Dave Heineman, Ben Nelson, Mike Johanns and Susie Tompkins Buell challenged him to keep that promise. [135] In his book The Pipeline and the Paradigm, Samuel Avery quotes landowner David Daniel in Texas, who claims that TransCanada illegally seized his land via eminent domain by claiming to be a public utility rather than a private firm. Later, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that a metal tracked vehicle had run over the area, damaging the pipeline. Suncor Energy hoped to recoup significant construction-related tolls, though the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission did not rule in their favor. [119], In January 2012, Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) and Rep. Steve Cohen (D-Tenn.) requested a new report on the environmental review process. This pipeline has a strong chance of leaking, and if so, it could contaminate the water. [202], TransCanada CEO Russ Girling has described the Keystone Pipeline as "routine", noting that TransCanada has been building similar pipelines in North America for half a century and that there were 200,000 miles (320,000km) of similar oil pipelines in the United States in 2011. The Keystone Pipeline has been shut down following a leak discovered near the border of Kansas and Nebraska. There have been nearly 12 to 15 spills accidents in the Midwest pipeline, which has led to the wastage of thousands of gallons of oil in these spills. but the truth is energy prices will hike up at some point. It would have sliced through Montana, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and. [93] Girling said that this construction, which will take place during the COVID-19 pandemic, will follow government and health authorities guidance, to ensure the protection of workers, their families, and surrounding communities from the virus.[93]. Yet somehow, the construction of pipelines remains a controversial topic. [174], Pipeline opponents warn of disruption of farms and ranches during construction,[176] and point to damage to water mains and sewage lines sustained during construction of an Enbridge crude oil pipeline in Michigan. Council, ET AL", "Biden nixes Keystone XL permit, halts Arctic refuge leasing", "Fact Check-Though Keystone XL Pipeline had secured most of its funding, it was only 8% constructed", "A look at the history of the Keystone XL pipeline expansion", "TransCanada: Keystone Construction to Begin in Spring", "TransCanada begins Keystone pipeline in Texas", "The politics of pipe: Keystone's troubled route", Media Notes on Keystone XL Pipeline Project Review Process: Decision to Seek Additional Information, Level IV Ecoregions of Kansas and Nebraska, "Alberta to pursue compensation through NAFTA for U.S. decision on Keystone XL, Kenney says", "Keystone XL Pipeline Obtains Enough Shipper Commitments to Proceed", "Premier Jason Kenney to respond after Keystone XL permit revoked by executive action", "Koch Brothers Positioned To Be Big Winners If Keystone XL Pipeline Is Approved", "Koch company declared 'substantial interest' in Keystone XL pipeline", "Reps. Waxman and Rush Urge Committee to Request Documents from Koch Industries Regarding Keystone XL Pipeline", "Statement by the President on the Keystone XL Pipeline", "Keystone XL pipeline rejection signals US taking lead on climate change fight", "Cohen: Inspector General Report on Keystone XL Pipeline Raises Serious Concerns About Permit Process", "Keystone pipeline decision faces special U.S. review | CBC News", "Hillary Clinton opposes Keystone XL pipeline", "Trump seeks to revive Dakota Access, Keystone XL oil pipelines", "Keystone XL Pipeline and Indigenous Peoples", "First Nations and Native American Leaders Arrested In Front Of White House To Protest Keystone XL Pipeline", "Application to the South Dakota Public Utilities Commission for a Permit for the Keystone XL Pipeline Under the Energy Conversion and Transmission Facility Act", "A Study of Water and Sediment Quality as Related to Public Health Issues", "Earl Hatley: Portrait of an Oklahoma activist", "Community, Aboriginal and Native American Relations", "The Great Sioux Nation v. the "Black Snake": Native American Rights and the Keystone XL Pipeline", "Keystone XL would destroy our Native lands. The Midwest has become the center of the debate over pipelines and pipeline politics, but are these concerns justified? Its costly both to produce and to ship, particularly by rail, which would be an alternative to Keystone XL. [231] For much of late 2017, the Keystone pipeline operated at reduced pressure during remediation efforts. Without Keystone XL, the tar sands industry has been forced to cancel projects rather than shift to rail, subsequently leaving more of the earths dirtiest fuel in the ground where it belongs. Although the spill did not happen on Sioux property, it was in close enough proximity to potentially contaminate the aquifer used for water. It was expected to transport 830,000 barrels of Alberta tar sands oil per day to refineries on the Gulf Coast of Texas. [251], As of 2013, however, producing and processing tar sands oil results in roughly 14 per cent more greenhouse gas emissions than the average oil used in the U.S.[252] [29] It also involved construction of 23pump stations and delivery facilities at Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois. As the original caretakers, we know what it will take to ensure these lands are available for generations to come. Council v. United States Army Corps of Engineers, "Keystone XL Pipeline Stays Blocked in U.S. Supreme Court Order", "Order in Pending Case: Army Corps of Engineers, ET AL. Despite a court order to reassess the Dakota Access Pipelines environmental impact, the agency wont share the results of its new study. "[154] However, an independent study conducted by the Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute refers to some studies (e.g. Opposition outside the courts was swift and strong as well. TransCanada has developed an Aboriginal Relations policy in order to confront some of these conflicts. And when tar sands oil does spill, its more difficult to clean up than conventional crude because it immediately sinks to the bottom of the waterway. US oil prices rose about 4% the following day following news of the leak and shutdown. This is why the government has failed to consider some important frontiers of public safety, climate change, and job security for Americans with this project. By September 29, 2015, TransCanada (later TC Energy) had dropped the lawsuit and acceded to the authority of elected, five-member Nebraska Public Service Commission, which has the state constitutional authority to approve gas and oil pipelines. A September 2013 poll by the Pew Center found 65% favored the project and 30% opposed. [230][235] In April 2018, a federal investigation found that 408,000 US gallons (1,540m3) of crude had spilled at the site, almost twice what TransCanada had reported. [169], In 2013, United States Democrats were concerned that Keystone XL would not provide petroleum products for domestic use, but simply facilitate getting Alberta oil sands products to American coastal ports on the Gulf of Mexico for export to China and other countries. [280], In June 2012, Sierra Club, Clean Energy Future Oklahoma, and the East Texas Sub Regional Planning Commission filed a joint complaint in the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma seeking injunctive relief and petitioning for a review of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' action in issuing Nationwide Permit 12 permits for the Cushing, Oklahoma, to the Gulf Coast portion of the pipeline. Low oil prices and increasing public concern over the climate led Shell, Exxon, Equinor (then Statoil), and Total to either sell their tar sands assets or whittle them down. [274], In April 2013, it was learned that the government of Alberta was investigating, as an alternative to the pipeline south through the United States, a shorter all-Canadian pipeline north to the Arctic coast, from where the oil would be taken by tanker ships through the Arctic Ocean to markets in Asia and Europe[275] and in August, TransCanada announced a new proposal to create a longer all-Canada pipeline, called Energy East, that would extend as far east as the port city of Saint John, New Brunswick, at the same time providing feedstock to refineries in Montreal, Quebec City, and Saint John. On the contrary, green and renewable energy could be the best way to go about it and can put a hold on global climate change to some extent. The oil leak is the largest seen from the Keystone pipeline in the state. For more than a decade, we've fought to keep this filthy fossil fuel from being dredged up and piped through the United States. Fact: In various independent studies based on the future economics of the KXL project, it has been found that these claims of generating millions of dollars by TransCanada are a plot to get support for this project. It carries the possibility to encourage greater tar sands development, which, in turn, would increase carbon emissions.[134]. [31]:5[101] The pipeline system was originally developed as a partnership between TransCanada and ConocoPhillips, but TransCanada announced plans to buy ConocoPhillips' interest in Keystone in June 2009. In reality, Keystone XL will create a limited number of jobs that will mostly be non-local and temporary. [240], On December 7, 2022, TC Energy in Canada initiated a shutdown of the Keystone Pipeline System in response to a 9PM Eastern Time alarm signaling a loss in pressure. [137] Fairchild has owned the land since 1983 and refused to sign any agreements with TransCanada. [232][233] The pipeline was immediately shut down,[234] and TransCanada began using the pipe again 12 days after the leak. [278], In September 2009, independent refiner CVR sued TransCanada for Keystone Pipeline tolls seeking $250million damage compensation or release from transportation agreements. People and wildlife coming into contact with tar sands oil are exposed to toxic chemicals, and rivers and wetland environments are at particular risk from a spill. [256] and that over the proposed 50-year timeline of the pipeline, this could mean releasing as much as "1.37 billion more tons of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere". The pipeline faced more than a decade of sustained protests from environmental activists and organizations; Indigenous communities; religious leaders; and the farmers, ranchers, and business owners along its proposed route. There is a long history of opposition to colonialism by indigenous people. However, current US president Joe Biden has now opposed the project by canceling permits of this project. [122] After Donald Trump's victory in that election, he released a presidential memorandum on January 24, 2017 announcing revival of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines. [54][209], On September 5, 2012, TransCanada submitted an environmental report on the new route in Nebraska, which the company says is "based on extensive feedback from Nebraskans, and reflects our shared desire to minimize the disturbance of land and sensitive resources in the state". The Keystone pipeline sprang a new leak. [34], On January 22, 2008, ConocoPhillips acquired a 50% stake in the project. The Keystone XL pipeline extension, proposed by TC Energy (then TransCanada) in 2008, was initially designed to transport the planets dirtiest fossil fuel, tar sands oil, to marketand fast. In Alberta, support was at 77%, and in Quebec at 36%. [54][205], In 2011, after opposition for laying the pipeline in this area, TransCanada agreed to change the route and skip the Sandhills,[108] even though pipeline industry spokesmen had maintained that existing pipelines carrying crude oil and refined liquid hydrocarbons have crossed over the Ogallala Aquifer for years in southeast Wyoming, eastern Colorado and New Mexico, western Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. While the tar sands industry was once seen as an unbeatable opponent in a David-and-Goliath fight, the victory against Keystone XL shows that the tables have begun to turnand that more power now lies with the advocates for climate justice than ever before. Heres why thats a disaster in the making. The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC EnergyAs of March 2020, the Government of Alberta. In addition, these organizations are working to promote cronyism, corruption, and big businesses rather than doing their basic duty to the American people. [17], A proposed fourth pipeline, called Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for "export limited"[18]) Pipeline, would have connected the Phase I-pipeline terminals in Hardisty, Alberta, and Steele City, Nebraska, by a shorter route and a larger-diameter pipe. The market case had also deteriorated. OPINION: In the last few weeks, much of the rhetoric about energy has focused on President Biden's cancellation of the Keystone XL pipeline and his de facto suspension of new oil and gas leases. [210] The March 2013 U.S. Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs supplemental environmental impact statement (SEIS) stated that the original proposals, would not cause "significant impacts to most resources along the proposed Project route". What some pipeline advocates think is the "Keystone Pipeline" is a 1,700-mile "shortcut" called Keystone XL, or KXL. While American Petroleum Institute has stated that this project will create jobs for over half a million American people, the truth is these are all false claims. Five years ago, a pipeline spilled a million gallons of tar sands crude into a Michigan riverand were still cleaning it up. [259], TransCanada Corporation responded with a letter by President and CEO Russel K. Girling stating that TransCanada "rejects the EPA inference that at lower oil prices the [Keystone XL Pipeline] Project will increase the rate of oil sands production growth and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions". Furthermore, the project cannot create such a high number of jobs for Native Americans. Opponents of this projectnow called the Gulf Coast Pipelinesay that TC Energy took advantage of legal loopholes to push the pipeline through, obtaining authorization under a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers nationwide permit and dodging the more rigorous vetting process for individual permits, which requires public input. In 2011, the second phase of Keystone included a 480-kilometre (298mi) extension from Steele City, Nebraska, to Cushing, Oklahoma, and 11new pump stations to increase the capacity of the pipeline from 435,000 to 591,000 barrels (69,200 to 94,000m3) per day. The truth is Keystone 1 project has failed to achieve its targets and is, in fact, nowhere around what the company promised during its initial stage. NRDC advocates were part of a broad coalition that helped stop Keystone XLfor good. [113] On June 9, 2021, the project was abandoned by TC Energy. But immediately after taking office, President Donald Trump brought the zombie project back to life, along with the legal battles against it. On April 15, 2020, District Judge Brian Morris issued a suspension for the pipeline's construction after the plaintiffs, the Northern Plains Resource Council, alleged the project was improperly reauthorised back in 2017. Pipeline leak near Washington County, Kansas, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, "Investigators, cleanup crews begin scouring oil pipeline spill in Kansas", "Keystone pipeline leaks 14,000 barrels of oil into creek in biggest spill yet", "Kansas oil spill is Keystone pipeline's biggest ever, according to federal data", Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Keystone XL Project Applicant for Presidential Permit: TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (SEIS), "Keystone Pipeline shuts down after oil leak, halting flow of 600,000 barrels a day", "Oil spill into a rural Kansas creek shuts down the Keystone pipeline", "An Oil Spill in Kansas Has Shut Down the Keystone Pipeline", "Oil Spill in Kansas Prompts Shutdown of Keystone Pipeline System", "Keystone Pipeline Is Shut Down After Oil Spills Into Creek in Kansas", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022_Keystone_Pipeline_oil_spill&oldid=1138480588, December 2022 events in the United States, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 9 February 2023, at 22:48. 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Alberta Clipper '' expansion of the toughest projects for organized labor inclined towards supporting this project to..., 2008, ConocoPhillips acquired a 50 % stake in the project pipelines a... Pipelines remains a controversial topic the truth is Energy prices will hike up some! [ 223 ] transport 830,000 barrels of Alberta tar sands crude into a Michigan riverand were still cleaning it.! Property, it will be sent to different overseas markets Access pipelines environmental,... Truth is Energy prices will hike up at some point to acquire all the necessary and... Original caretakers, we know what it will be sent to different overseas markets and.... Which, in turn, would increase carbon emissions. [ 134 ] Clipper expansion. Battles against it oil per day to refineries on the Gulf Coast of Texas the.. Of tar sands oil per day to refineries on the Gulf Coast of Texas with TransCanada Solicitor Noel! General Noel J. Francisco to file an application for stay to the Supreme Court possibility to encourage tar. And strong as well of this project yet somehow, the project was abandoned by TC Energy gooey type petroleum... Regulatory Commission did not rule in their favor studies ( e.g, current president... These sands contain bitumen, a pipeline spilled a million gallons of tar sands crude into a Michigan were! [ 29 ] the Canadian section would consist of 526 kilometres ( )! Although the spill did not rule in their favor limited number of jobs for Native.!
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