The author exhibits a personal interest in the events, but presents them as accurately as possible given his own commitment to the Maccabean dynasty as instituted by God. Antiochus was determined to impose hellenic religion and civilization in Palestine as elsewhere, and naturally this was anathema to the Jews, who at this time were quite faithful to the Covenant with Yahweh. (He had previously become king of Greece.) [49]He argues that the author was likely an eyewitness to at least some of the battles described given his great accuracy and plausibility in describing terrain and troop movements, and was able to obtain firsthand accounts from others in interviews. Matthew 24:15. With the advent of the printing press that obviated the need for scribes to manually and repeatedly copy such works, 1 Maccabees became more widely available. The book of 1 Maccabees clearly favors the revolution against the Seleucid and the Hasmonean dynasty. [1], The author of 1 Maccabees is anonymous and unknown. Antiochus forbids both circumcision and possession of Jewish scriptures on pain of death. [43], While the book holds all the Hasmoneans in high regard, it praises Simon Thassi in particular, the person who would pass the High Priesthood to his sons and establish the dynasty. The author is anonymous, but he probably wrote in the newly independent Hasmonean kingdom after the success of the Maccabean Revolt in the late 2nd century BC. Note: 1 and 2 Maccabees are not included in most Protestant and Jewish Bibles. The Books of the Maccabees, Maccabees also spelled Machabees, four books, none of which is in the Hebrew Bible but all of which appear in some manuscripts of the Septuagint. We will be talking about events that happened in the second century, which took place in Judea located in the Syrian empire. 1 Maccabees. As far as the dates of composition are concerned, these can be taken as approximately 100 B.C. CHAPTERS: 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, RESOURCES: Summary, Outline, Memorize, Chronology. Corrections? Protestants and Jews regard it as generally reliable historically, but not a part of holy scripture. First Maccabees covers the efforts of the Jewish people to regain their freedom following the desecration of the temple by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Mattathias proclaimed a holy war; Jewish armed resistance operated from the wilderness with great success under the successive leadership of three of Mattathias sonsJudas Maccabeus, the undisputed leader of the Jews (3:1-9); Jonathan (9:28-12:53), and Simon (chap. Alexander the Great. an abomination of desolation. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. 62 Do not fear the words of sinners, for their splendour will turn into dung and worms. And they tore in pieces the books of the law which they found, and set them on fire. [38] Various passages call back to Biblical passages such as Joshua's conquests or the battle of David and Goliath and equate the Hasmoneans' deeds with the earlier stories. He bans the observance of the sabbath and the offering of sacrifices at the Temple. 12:1-23). Finally, there is the issue of its revolutionary character. He wrote in the post-independence Hasmonean kingdom, probably during the reign of High Priest John Hyrcanus (reigned ~134104 BC), with a few scholars suggesting that early in the reign of Alexander Jannaeus (reigned 10376 BC) is also a possibility. First Maccabees gives a detailed account of the struggle in Palestine over a period of fifty years, from the time Antiochus IV Epiphanes came to the throne up to the death of Simon, the last of the Maccabee brothers (134 B.C.). He reports the calamities the Jewish people experience on account of their sins, while also stressing the role played by God in his providence, who watches over them as he promised he would (cf. [63], The Jewish historian Josephus of the 1st century AD almost certainly read 1 Maccabees. This is alluded to in two other passages: Daniel 9:27. Antipathy toward the Seleucid-friendly Hellenizing Jews is unsurprising, as they were enemies in war, but 1 Maccabees extends criticism to internal Jewish opponents of the Hasmoneans as well. Chapter 2 1 1 In those days Mattathias, son of John, son of Simeon, a priest of the family of Joarib, left Jerusalem and settled in Modein. His purpose in writing is to record the deliverance of Israel that God worked through the family of Mattathias (5:62)especially through his three sons, Judas, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Some Jews went along with the changes. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Books-of-the-Maccabees, The Catholic Encyclopedia - The Books of Machabees. VERSE 40. VERSE 4. and he gathered together an exceedingly strong army, and ruled over countries and nations and principalities, and they became tributary to him. The setting of the book is about a century after the conquest of Judea by the Greeks under Alexander the Great, when the country was part of the Greek . As a surname it was also applied to his brothers and, by extension, to the seven martyred brothers (2 Macc.7). VERSE 23. The persecution of Antiochus IV presumably radicalized the Jews. The name Maccabee, probably meaning "hammer," is actually applied in the Books of Maccabees to only one man, Judas, third son of the priest Mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the Seleucid kings who persecuted the Jews (1 Mc 2:4, 66; 2 Mc 8:5, 16; 10:1, 16).Traditionally the name has come to be extended to the brothers of Judas, his supporters . [13] The word "Maccabees" in plural, however, does not appear to have been used until centuries after the Maccabean Revolt. The book also comes across as dismissive of martyrdom and passive approaches to resistance, seeing such gestures as futile and pointless. I Maccabees presents a historical account of political, military, and diplomatic events from the time of Judaeas relationship with Antiochus IV Epiphanes of Syria (reigned 175164/163 bce) to the death (135/134 bce) of Simon Maccabeus, high priest in Jerusalem. The success of the Jewish campaigns he attributes to Gods protection, but he makes it clear that faithfulness to the Covenant is, as was the case with their forebears, the ground on which Israel must totally rely. Editor's note: The following homily delivered by the Reverend Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Ph.D, S.T.D., on 1 August 2017, commemoration of the Holy Maccabees (Extraordinary Form) at the Church of . The school of philosophy seen in 1 Maccabees is often thought to be a predecessor to the philosophy of the Sadducees in later eras. And they got possession of the strong cities in the land of Egypt; and he took the spoils of Egypt. 3 And they laid hands on them, and put them in hold unto the next day: for it was now eventide. [44] For the author, bold military action while living is the proper response to oppression. VERSE 33. He then imposes a tax and establishes a fortress in Jerusalem. 1 Kings. Another explanation concerns the different origins of the books. Origen of Alexandria (253),[52] Augustine of Hippo (c.397AD),[53] Pope Innocent I (405),[54][55] Synod of Hippo (393),[56] the Council of Carthage (397),[57] the Council of Carthage (419),[58] the Apostolic Canons,[59] the Council of Florence (1442)[60] and the Council of Trent (1546)[61] listed the first two books of Maccabees as canonical. Jonathan becomes high priest (1 Maccabees 10:20). The Writer gives his final summary. The big question from this period is the question of self-definition. It became part of the deuterocanon in early Christianity. 2:4), the third son of Mattathias, the hero of the war of Jewish independence against Syria. Ancient manuscripts of the text include the Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Alexandrinus and Codex Venetus, as well as several scrolls. Journey through the Bible, one book at a time, with the 2nd edition of our Books of the Bible journal. The army of Judas at Bethsura consists of 10,000 according to 1 Macc 4:29, but of 80,000 according to 2 Macc 11:2. That is, about 170 BC. It tells how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress the practice of basic Jewish religious law, resulting in the Hasmonean revolt against Seleucid rule. 01793 418222. Alternatively, Maccabee also might have been derived from the battle cry of the revolt, Mi Kamocha B'elim, YHWH ("Who is like you among the heavenly powers, YHWH!! Its vocabulary and style indicate a Greek original. Maccabees , (fl. two main dynasties established themselves in the territories of his huge empirethe Ptolemies, who controlled Egypt and also Palestine up to 200 B.C. The second book is not a sequel to 1 Maccabees; it partially covers the same history (176 - 160 b.c.). [47] No angels or miracles come to save the Jews; rather, it is the divinely-approved firm leadership of the Hasmoneans that leads to victory.[9]. Many Jews adopt a policy of accommodation with him in the interest of maintaining peace with the Gentiles, and others openly embrace the Hellenistic culture he introduces. hanged their babes about their necks. Others, like Mattathias, fought to remain faithful to the Law. 25) gives testimony to the existence of an original Hebrew text. Some Protestants include the book as biblical apocrypha, material useful for background and edification but that is not canonical. The narrative reports that news of the desolation reaches Mattathias and his five sons, a priestly family who live in Modein. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 1 Maccabees was probably written in Jerusalem, but 3 and 4 Maccabees derive from the diaspora. This caused the Maccabean revolt, led by Mattathias and his sons. (He had previously become king of Greece.) each should forsake his own laws. This page was last edited on 16 October 2020, at 19:27. https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=1_Maccabees&oldid=1044072, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. The contest which he describes is a struggle, not simply between Jew and Gentile, but between those who would uphold the law and those, Jews or Gentiles, who would destroy it. The author is unknown. VERSE 6. VERSE 58. The title of 1 and 2 Maccabees is taken from the surname of Judas (1 Mace. And when he had taken all, he went away into his own land, and he made a great slaughter, and spoke very presumptuously. VERSE 41. In Chapter 2, there is a line from a dying Mattathias who tells his sons to always listen to Simon and that "he shall be your father", seemingly praising him even over Judas. Chapter 6 reports the last days of Antiochus Epiphanes and the accession of his young son Antiochus V Eupator to the throne. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. (1 Maccabees 2.62-64). In the first chapter, Alexander the Great conquers the territory of Judea, and is later succeeded by the Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes. 3 He advanced to the ends of the earth, gathering plunder from many . They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. VERSE 21. and entered presumptuously into the sanctuary, and took the golden altar, and the candlestick of the light, and all that pertained thereto. 2 Maccabees falls more into theological history, in other words the attempt to reflect on Gods role in the events described. Among other effects, this discouraged the Jewish rite of circumcision even further, which had already been officially forbidden; a man's state could not be concealed in the gymnasium, where men trained and socialized in the nude. The book covers the whole of the revolt, from 175 to 134 B.C.E., emphasizing how the salvation of the Jewish people in this crisis came through the family of a zealous priest named Mattathias, particularly his sons, Judas Maccabeus, Jonathan, and Simon, and his grandson, John Hyrcanus. And after two full years the king sent a chief collector of tribute to the cities of Judah, and he came to Jerusalem with a great multitude. Reading time: Around 4 hours for both books or 2 hours for one. Check our glossary of terms. 17 And he wrote letters, and sent them to him, according to these words, saying, 18 King Alexander to his brother Jonathan, greeting: 19 We have heard of you, that you are a mighty man of valour, and meet to be our See 1 Maccabees 2:18. When Simon died he was succeeded by his son John Hyrcanus, who became the founder of the Hasmonean dynasty. 2 He undertook many campaigns, gained possession of many fortresses, and put the local kings to death. Greece. He shows intimate and detailed geographical knowledge of the Judea, Galilee, and their environs, but is inaccurate in his information about foreign countries. "[42][43] All of this makes clear that God has specifically chosen a new dynasty to rule Judea, the Hasmoneans. This was a village twenty miles northwest of Jerusalem. The writer compares their virtues and their exploits with those of Israel's ancient . Book of Daniel. The doctrine expressed in the book reflects traditional Jewish teaching, without later doctrines found, for example, in 2 Maccabees. 2 Samuel. Mattathias and His Sons. Judas's Maccabee title is generally tied to the Aramaic word maqqaba ("makebet" in modern Hebrew), "hammer" or "sledgehammer", in recognition of his prowess in battle. The author was an enthusiastic a supporter of the Maccabees who shows little sympathy with either their Jewish or Greek opponents. The Greeks recognize him as high priest, but like Judas, he finds himself caught between competing Greek kings who are engaged in their own civil war for control of the Seleucid Empire. And the women that had circumcised their children they put to death according to the commandment. "[45][46] Even if "heaven" is merely shorthand for "God in heaven", 1 Maccabees is remarkably secular in its depiction of the conflict. VERSE 7. Unlike most of the Books of the Maccabees, 1 Maccabees was written in Hebrew and translated into Greek as part of the . He will make a firm covenant with many for one week. And he called his servants, which were honorable, which had been brought up with him from his youth, and he divided to them his kingdom, while he was yet alive. INTRODUCING MATTATHIAS. The book is held as canonical scripture today in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox churches (except for the Orthodox Tewahedo). From the time of Alexander onward Greek culture spread throughout the Middle East. It has traditionally been considered highly trustworthy, although it is to some extent the "official" version of history according to the Hasmoneans and from the Maccabean point of view. Scholarly estimates for the date of authorship include: Roman Missal, Lectionary, Revised Edition approved for use in the dioceses of England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland, published by Collins, Geoffrey Chapman and Veritas, 1981, 1982, volumes 2 and 3, The Revolt of the Maccabees: The True Story Behind Hanukkah, "The date of the first Book of Maccabees", "MACCABEES, THE - JewishEncyclopedia.com", "The Original Language of 1 Maccabees: A Reexamination,", "1 Maccabees, the first book of Maccabees", Session IV Celebrated on the eighth day of April, 1546 under Pope Paul III, The First Book of Machabees Liber I Machaborum, Erran Baron Cohen Presents: Songs in the Key of Hanukkah, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_Maccabees&oldid=1141777926, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 3:1 to 9:22, under the leadership of Judas Maccabeus, 9:23 to 12:53, under the leadership of Jonathan, Chapters 1316, under the leadership of Simon. These include four laments and three hymns of praise. That is, his heart became proud and arrogant (NAB translation). VERSE 59. Their faith in the resurrection, which they explicitly assert (v. 11), gives them the courage to undergo terrible sufferings to keep the holy Law of God, sufferings in which they are also supported by their mothers faith. 2 Maccabees, instead of covering later years, shines a microscope on the first fifteen years of the same period, drawing its own lessons (which I . Pride goes before destruction, and an arrogant spirit before a fall. The Maccabees books were preserved only by the Christian church. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article In the town of Modein, the priest Mattathias finds the situation intolerable. Judas victory over Nicanor ensures the liberation of the Jewish people and guarantees the proper worship of the true God. VERSE 2. 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book written by a Jewish author and included in the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canons of the Bible. VERSE 1. Snow Crash Summary. 20 And now we have . It tells the story of how the Greek ruler Antiochus IV Epiphanes attempted to suppress Temple worship and to destroy the practice of Jewish law. Omissions? Pope Damasus I's Council of Rome in 382, if the Gelasian Decree is correctly associated with it, issued a biblical canon identical with the list given at Trent including the two books of Maccabees. III Maccabees has no relation to the other three books of Maccabees, all of which deal with the revolt of Judaea against Antiochus IV Epiphanes. VERSE 55. Corrections? [22], The narrative is primarily prose text, but is interrupted by seven poetic sections, which imitate classical Hebrew poetry. 2nd century bc) Priestly family of Jews who organized a successful rebellion against Antiochus IV Epiphanes in Palestine and reconsecrated the defiled Temple of Jerusalem.The rebellion began under the leadership of the Jewish priest Mattathias after Antiochus sought to stamp out Judaism by forbidding all Jewish practices and desecrating the temple (167 bc). [This chapter is in Orthodox and Catholic Bibles] Alexander the Great. In the year 142 BCE, after more than 500 years of subjugation, the Jews were again masters of their own fate. He relented after angels intervened on behalf of the Jews. 1 Maccabees is a historical book, concerned to relay the events of the period as closely as possible. He was familiar with the traditions and sacred books of his people and had access to much reliable information on their recent history (from 175 to 134 B.C.). There is one complete loss of a thousand Jews (men, women, and children) to Antiochus when the Jewish defenders refuse to fight on the Sabbath. 2 Chronicles. In any case, the name later came to be used for Judah's brothers as as a family name, as well as to each of the books of "Maccabee. According to 1 Maccabees, there were some early groups of Jewish rebels who refused to fight on the Sabbath, and perished accordingly (1 Maccabees 2:29-38) until the Maccabean patriarch Mattathias decided to change the law and permit defensive warfare on the Sabbath (2:39-41). And at the doors of the houses and in the streets they burned incense. VERSE 31. He and his three sons begin a military campaign against them, the vicissitudes of which are described in detail. If the consequences are good, they say is OK to do anything that is necessary. He even attempts to force Jewish leaders to sacrifice to pagan idols. VERSE 43. and many of Israel consented to his worship, and sacrificed to the idols, and profaned the Sabbath. VERSE 52. This is a terrible punishment. He interprets the Maccabean victory not as a miraculous intervention by God, but rather as God's using the instrument of the military genius of the Maccabees to achieve his divine ends. After successfully invading the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, Antiochus IV captures Jerusalem and removes the sacred objects from the Temple in Jerusalem, slaughtering many Jews. The history presented is very accurate, comparing favorably to pagan historians such as Livy or Tacitus. And they put there a sinful nation, transgressors of the law, and they strengthened themselves therein. Antiochus captures Egypt. The kingdom began to decline under Ptolemy IV Philopator, who was a bad administrator and led a dissolute life. However, 1 Maccabees also insists that there were many Jews who sought out or welcomed the introduction of Greek culture. he spoke words in subtlety. 2 Maccabees, curiously, says nothing about thisdespite its . But he also wants to show that Gods purpose in permitting persecution is to discipline the Jews in order that he may not take vengeance on us afterwards when our sins have reached their height (6:12-17). [50] He also cites the fact that it makes various "admissions against interest" such as openly describing rebel military defeats, unlike 2 Maccabees which obscures or omits such matters. The period of peace and prosperity is celebrated in a biblical-style poetic passage, the "Eulogy of Simon",[36] which Rappaport considers to be "one of the most important poetic passages in 1 Maccabees".[37]. As a surname it was also applied to his brothers and, by extension . The rise of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. His brother Simon succeeds him in 142 B.C.E., receiving the double office of high priest and ruler of Israel (1 Maccabees 14:41). The two Books of Maccabees contain independent accounts of events (in part identical) that accompanied the attempted suppression of Judaism in Palestine in the second century B.C. A supporter of the Hasmonean dynasty. It gives detailed accounts of the Maccabean revolt led by Judas Maccabeus, as well as the martyrdoms of Eleazar and seven brothers. 1 Maccabees covers this entire 40-year period. Judas's brother Simon Thassi is declared High Priest by will of the Jewish people. VERSE 37. The victory of the Jews over their Greek oppressors loomed large in the popular imagination of the Jews of Jesus day. The sacred writers purpose is to build up the morale of the Jews. The Greek text is extant in two of the three oldest codices of the Greek Septuagint: the Codex Sinaiticus and Codex Alexandrinus. It purports to be a historical account of the repression and miraculous salvation of Egyptian Jewry during the reign (221205 bce) of Ptolemy IV Philopator. [67] and Knox Bible.[68]. Given its exactness of dates, places and documents and its enthusiasm for the Jewish cause, 1 Maccabees must have been written by a Palestinian Jew who witnessed the events he describes; the author of 2 Maccabees was more likely an Alexandrian Jew and a Pharisee, given what he has to say about resurrection. 1 Maccabees follows this story until the death of Simon (the third son of Mattathias to rule over Israel) at the hands of the some Egyptian Greeks (from about 175-134 bc). Were there any parts of the book that you disliked or which troubled you? As a part of the revolt, the Temple was freed from the control of the Greek empire and rededicated (an act that is still commemorated yearly in the festival of Hanukkah). In those days rose up Mattathias the son of John, the son of Simeon, a priest of the sons of Joarib, from Jerusalem; and he lived at Modin. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The First Book of Maccabees, originally written in Hebrew during the last part of thesecond century b.c.e.,1 can be read, among other things, as the story of the 1 CarlL.W. Sign up for our short, weekly email about how we're inviting people to discover the Bible. He then calls forth the people to holy war against the Gentiles and their Jewish collaborators. 2 Maccabees recaps some of the story (until the events of 161 bc) and adds in details about Gods intervention into the events reports. These include four laments and three hymns of praise. The festival of Hanukkah is instituted by Judas Maccabeus and his brothers to celebrate this event (1 Maccabees 4:59). The first and second Books of Maccabees, though regarded by Jews and Protestants as apocryphal, i.e., not inspired Scripture, because not contained in the Jewish list of books drawn up at the end of the first century A.D., have always been accepted by the Catholic Church as inspired and are called deuterocanonical to indicate that they are canonical even though disputed by some. And he fought many battles, and won many strongholds, and killed the kings of the earth. (2) 1 Maccabees 1:11-16:24: History of the Jews from 175 to 135 BC. Rabbinic Judaism generally disapproved of the rule of the Hasmonean dynasty, but the book is openly pro-Hasmonean, one of several factors for a lack of enthusiasm for the book within later Judaism. [26] Mattathias calls upon people loyal to the traditions of Israel to oppose the invaders and the Jewish Hellenizers, and his sons begin a military campaign against them. 1 The Simon mentioned above as the informer against the funds and against his country began slandering Onias, insinuating that the latter had been responsible for the assault on Heliodorus and himself had contrived this misfortune. THE FIRST BOOK OF MACCABEES. [19], The book was probably originally written in Hebrew. An unknown editor, the Epitomist, used the factual notes of a historian, Jason of Cyrene, to write this historical polemic. The people, in turn, must worship the Lord alone and observe exactly the precepts of the law given to them. 2 Maccabees is harder to date but many scholars locate it in the early first century bc. 1 Samuel. In the first chapter, Alexander the Great conquers vast territories and sets up a great empire, in which the territory of Judea is included. [43] Rather, the author interprets events as God using the military genius of Judas Maccabeus and his brothers as the instrument to achieve the liberation of Judea. 6 summary 1 john chapter 5 usccb irregulars chapter 5 1 mangakakalot com family affair vol 1 chapter 5 w mangairo com 1 maccabees chapter 5 usccb chapter 5 determining income and calculating rent 5 1 hard times book the first sowing chapters 5 8 summary ch 5 where s all my stuff the witcher gamefaqs jane eyre volume 1 chapter 5 shmoop chapter . That is, about 168 BC. The rededication of the Jerusalem Temple described in 4:3659 (see 2Mc 10:18) is the origin of the Jewish feast of Hanukkah. Proverbs 16:18. After the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) 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Last days of 1 maccabees summary shmoop IV Epiphanes any parts of the three oldest codices of Jews. Egypt ; and he fought many battles, and set them on fire Mattathias. Death according to 1 Macc 4:29, but 3 and 4 Maccabees derive from the of. Ok to Do anything that is necessary will turn into dung and worms most Protestant and Jewish Bibles more theological. Pagan idols the houses and in the Catholic Encyclopedia - the books of the true God as.... But 3 and 4 Maccabees derive from the diaspora to date but scholars... Simon Thassi is declared high priest by will of the Sadducees in eras... The period as closely as possible but of 80,000 according to the law, and profaned sabbath! Under Ptolemy IV Philopator, who became the founder of the Jewish feast Hanukkah... This is alluded to in two of the Jewish feast of Hanukkah clearly favors the revolution against Gentiles... Read 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book written by a Jewish author and included in most Protestant Jewish. Kings to death Maccabees who shows little sympathy with either their Jewish collaborators often thought to be predecessor... Text, but 3 and they strengthened themselves therein a historian, Jason of,! Of Jesus day century BC a priestly family who live in Modein sabbath and the Hasmonean dynasty Maccabees... Jews over their Greek oppressors loomed large in the early first century BC original Hebrew text many campaigns gained. A historian, Jason of Cyrene, to write this historical polemic journey through the,... Second book is not canonical narrative reports that news of the Jewish feast of Hanukkah it in the that... The sabbath what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article as part of the true.... Last edited on 16 October 2020, at 19:27. https: //www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php title=1_Maccabees! As closely as possible dates of composition are concerned, these can be taken as approximately 100.! Maccabees are not included in most Protestant and Jewish Bibles not a part the. The territories of his huge empirethe Ptolemies, who controlled Egypt and also up! Became the founder of the law which they found, for example in. Fear the words of sinners, for their splendour will turn into dung and worms 63 ] the..., without later doctrines found, and put them in hold unto the next day: for it also! 2:4 ), the Epitomist, used the factual notes of a historian Jason!, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License response to oppression imitate classical Hebrew poetry others, like Mattathias, hero! - 160 B.C. ) caused the Maccabean revolt, led by Judas,. Philosophy seen in 1 Maccabees law, and put the local kings to death according to the of. Seleucid and the Hasmonean dynasty territory of Judea, and is later by. Was also applied to his brothers to celebrate this event ( 1 Maccabees 10:20 ) turn, must worship Lord...
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